Science Body Systems

Name the different organs of the digestive system (in order)

Mouth, oesophagus, Stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus

What is Physical Digestion?

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, usually used by the teeth.

What is chemical digestion?

the breaking down of food through enzymes into small molecules

Function of the mouth

Food is chewed here. Enzymes (amylase) begin to break it up

Function of oesophagus

Moves the bolus to the stomach through peristalsis (contraction of the muscles)

function of stomach

acidic (pH1) environment further breaks down the food, Enzymes (proteases) break down proteins

function of small intestine

nutrient absorption, proteins, carbohydrates and fats are absorbed into the bloodstream with the help of enzymes

function of villi

increase surface area for absorption

function of liver

produces bile (helps mechanically digest fats)

function of pancreas

Makes enzymes (lipases, amylases and proteases) which break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins respectively

function of large intestine

Where remaining nutrients and water is absorbed.

what do amylases digest

carbohydrates

What do proteases digest?

proteins

What do lipases digest?

lipids

name the parts of the respiratory system

Larynx, trachea, lung, bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles, ribs, intercostal - muscles, diaphragm

role of the bronchi

tube that connects the trachea to the lungs

Role of alveoli

pockets in the lungs where oxygen is takes out of the air and transferred to the lungs; and where carbon dioxide is transferred from the blood into the air

role of diaphragm

sheet of muscle underneath the lungs and which is used to help the flow of air into an out of the lungs

Role of bronchioles

tubes that branch from bronchi; that make up the airways and connect the windpipe to the alveoli

Role of trachea

the windpipe

role of lungs

the organs connecting the structures where oxygen in transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide in removed from the blood.

role of larynx

commonly called the voice-box

What is gas exchange?

Gas exchange is the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide moving between the lungs and blood

name the three different types of blood vessels

arteries (heart), veins (hands), capillaries (lungs)

What does the left pump in the heart deal with?

oxygenated blood from lungs

What does the right pump of the heart deal with?

deoxygenated blood from the lungs

What are the main functions of the heart?

pumping oxygenated blood to the other body organs, pumping nutrients and other vital substances to different organs, delivering waste products (like carbon dioxide) back to the lungs for removal, controls your heart rate and maintains blood pressure

what are the functions of the kidneys

the kidneys are important for excretion and achieve a state of balance in the body. If you are short of water your kidneys conserve it, and very little, very concentrated urine is produced

Mineral ions

taken in with your food, you lose some through your skin when you sweat

what is bone marrow

a spongy substance found in the center of the bones

red blood cell

carry oxygen to tissues in the body

Platelets

help blood to clot in order to stop bleeding

White blood cells

fight infections

hinge joints

moves backwards and forwards but not side to side

ball and socket joints

can move in all directions

pivot joint

allows movement around a certain point

fixed joint

do not allow any movement at all

Name the parts of the heart

Aorta, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, vena cava