Arguments For God - The Ontological, Design Argument and Cosmological Argument

Who created the Ontological Argument?

Anselm

What was the 1st Ontological Argument?

God is that which no greater can be conceived, things are better in mind + reality than just mind, if God is the greatest thing God must exist in mind + reality

What was Gaunilo's criticism?

Gaunilo said that you could apply Anselm's argument to anything e.g. the perfect island

What was the 2nd Ontological Argument?

Only God is that which no greater can be conceived; it is better to be necessary than to be contingent, therefore God must be necessary

What was Kant's 1st Criticism?

If "God exists" is a tautology as Anselm claims it becomes analytical, but we simply cannot get evidence for whether God exists

What was Kant's 2nd Criticism?

"Existence is not a predicate" - claiming that something exists does not add anything to illustrate your depiction of something

What type of argument is the Ontological argument?

Deductive and a priori

What type of argument is the design argument?

Inductive and a priori

What is the Arrow/Archer analogy?

The Arrow/Archer analogy states that the world is like an arrow in flight and that if we saw a flying arrow we would assume it had a creator, so we should assume the world has a creator. Additionally, we would assume the arrow is flying towards a target (it has purpose) so we should assume the world has purpose.

Who created the Arrow/Archer analogy?

The Arrow/Archer analogy was created by Aquinas

What is the name of Paley's analogy?

Paley's Watch

What is Paley's Watch?

Paley's Watch is an analogy that states that a watch has order, complexity and purpose, so we would assume it has an intelligent designer. Things in the natural world have order, complexity and purpose so we would assume the world has an intelligent designer - a Grand Watchmaker (God).

What are Hume's criticisms of the design argument?

The analogies don't work, the analogies are anthropomorphic, they do not imply the existence of a Judeo-Christian God, the Epicurean hypothesis