Gluconeogenesis + Cori cycle

What amino acid becomes pyruvate?

Alanine

Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

Mitochondria + ER

Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate enzyme

Pyruvate carboxylate

Bicarbonate

Adds a carbon onto pyruvate to oxaloacetate

Fructose 1,6-BPase

Takes phosphate off of F16BP into F6P

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Converts G6P into glucose in the smooth ER (requires water and is irreversible)

Glut-1

Transporter in all mammalian cells. Involved in basal glucose uptake

Glut-2

Transporter in the liver and pancreas

T1

Transporter that transports G6P in the smooth ER

T2

Transporter that transports inorganic phosphate in the smooth ER

Biotin

Cofactor used by pyruvate carboxylase to form carboxyphosphate. Carrier for CO2

Oxaloacetate

Traps pyruvate as an enol for the next steps of gluconeogenesis

Oxaloacetate to PEP enzyme

PEPCK (uses GTP)

Gluconeogenesis net reaction

2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 4 H2O -> Glucose + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 Pi + 2 NAD+

Where can we get pyruvate?

Alanine (starving conditions) or Lactate (anaerobic conditions)

Triose phosphates

DHAP and GAP

G6P to glucose enzyme

G6 phosphotase