Anatomy: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body (TEST)

Anatomy

The branch of science that studies the structure, or morphology of the body

Physiology

The branch of science that describes how the body works, or function

The body is organized from....

Simple to complex

Atoms, large molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Order of body's levels of organization from simplistic to complex

Integumentary

Skin/protection

Skeletal

Support

Muscular

Movement

Nervous

Sensory

Endocrine

Hormones/biomedical control

Circulatory

Transports blood/nutrients

Lymphatic

Immunity

Respiratory

Obtaining O2/ridding of CO2

Digestive

Ingest/digest food

Urinary

Excrete liquid waste product

Reproductive

Reproduction

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, body's way of staying the same even when external conditions change

anatomical position

Refers to a person standing erect with face forward, upper limbs hanging to the side, and palms of the hands facing forward

relative positions

Describes the position of one body part in relation to another body part

Superior

Above (head,neck,torso)

Inferior

Below

Superior goes with

Inferior

Anterior

Front

Posterior

Back

Anterior goes with

Posterior

Ventral

Front

Dorsal

Back

Ventral goes with

Dorsal

Distal

away from

Proximal

Nearest

Distal goes with

Proximal

distal and proximal can only be used on

Arms and legs

Lateral

Side

Medial

Middle

Lateral goes with

Medial

Superficial

Surface

Deep

Deep

Superficial goes with

Deep

sagittal plane

divides body lengthwise into left and right

Frontal Plane

Divides The body into anterior and posterior portions

transverse plane

Divides the body horizontally, creating a upper and lower body

Viscera

Organs

Cavities

Large internal spaces

Two major body cavities

Dorsal and ventral

dorsal cavity

located along the back of the body and head - divided into cranial cavity and spinal cavity

cranial cavity

Within the skull and contains the brain

spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

ventral cavity

located at the front of the body; consists of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

thoracic cavity

Surrounded by the rib cage, contains the heart and lungs

abdominopelvic cavity

Large cavity below the diagram broken into abdominal and pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, pancreas, spleen, and gallbladder

pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Since the abdominal-pelvic cavity is so large, it is also divided into....

Smaller quadrants and regions