Unit 4 Review Questions

D

The brain contains __________ ventricles.

a) one

b) two

c) three

d) four

C

The cerebral hemisphere contains __________ ventricles.

a) one

b) two

c) three

d) four

D

The cerebral hemisphere contains __________ lobes.

a) one

b) two

c) three

d) four

B

The ability to recognize faces uses what part of the cerebral cortex?

a) primary visual cortex

b) visual association area

c) premotor cortex

d) somatosensory association cortex

A

The ability to recognize the feeling of an upset stomach or full bladder uses with part of the cerebral cortex?

a) visceral sensory area

b) olfactory cortex

c) gustatory cortex

d) visual association area

B

If you ask someone, "What is your name?" and they write out their name on paper, what area of the cerebral cortex did they damage?

a) posterior association area

b) broca's area

c) wernicke's area

d) anterior association area

C

If you ask someone, "What is your name?" and they tell you how they tell you how they spent their weekend, what area of the cerebral cortex did they damage?

a) posterior association area

b) broca's area

c) wernicke's area

d) anterior association area

D

The __________ of the brain is the location of our conscious mind.

a) Brodmann area

b) cerebellum

c) brain stem

d) cerebral cortex

B

Which area of the brain is the staging area for skilled motor activities?

a) Primary motor cortex

b) Premotor cortex

c) Broca's area

d) Frontal eye field

A

Which area of the brain is responsible for movement execution?

a) Primary motor cortex

b) Premotor cortex

c) Broca's area

d) Frontal eye field

C

The phrases "left brain" and "right brain" indicate that the two cerebral hemispheres display a phenomenon called __________.

a) left-brain dominance

b) right-brain dominance

c) lateralization

d) cerebral localization

A

Cerebral white matter in each hemisphere is greatest in amount for __________.

a) communication between the two hemispheres

b) coordination of synchronized movements

c) visual association

d) olfaction

D

Which of the following brain regions is a major convergence area for most sensory input before it is sent on to the cerebral cortex?

a) Hypothalamus

b) Epithalamus

c) Interthalamic adhesion

d) Thalamus

A

In addition to its vital role in maintaining overall body homeostasis, which brain region synthesizes two major body hormones?

a) Hypothalamus

b) Epithalamus

c) Interthalamic adhesion

d) Thalamus

D

The pons belongs to which major brain region?

a) Cerebellum

b) Cerebrum

c) Diencephalon

d) Brain stem

B

Of the following brain regions, which, if severely damaged, would result in death?

a) Cerebral cortex

b) Medulla oblongata

c) Basal nuclei

d) Cerebellum

D

Professional ballet dancers have a particularly efficient __________.

a) cerebral cortex

b) medulla oblongata

c) basal nucleus

d) cerebellum

C

Which region of the meninges separates the brain into two cerebral hemispheres to limit brain movement?

a) dura mater

b) pia mater

c) falx cerebri

d) arachnoid mater

A

Which meninx is the strongest?

a) dura mater

b) pia mater

c) falx cerebri

d) arachnoid mater

B

Which component has less protein?

a.) plasma

b) cerebrospinal fluid

B

Which of the following structures, if damaged, would produce less cerebrospinal fluid?

a) Subarachnoid space

b) Choroid plexus

c) Pia mater

d) Arachnoid villu

D

What connect the gaps between endothelial cells in brain capillaries?

a) pericytes

b) gap junctions

c) astrocyte feet

d) tight junctions

C

Why is the blood-brain barrier ineffective against alcohol?

a) Alcohol is water soluble.

b) The blood-brain barrier prevents only blood cells from reaching the brain.

c) Alcohol is lipid soluble.

C

Which of the horns of the spinal cord are only located in thoracic and superior lumbar regions?

a) dorsal horns

b) ventral horns

c) lateral horns

A

The __________ portion of the spinal cord controls muscle movement.

a) ventral

b) dorsal

c) medial

d) posterior

B

A(n) __________ procedure might be performed to test for viral or bacterial meningitis.

a) epidural tap

b) lumbar tap

c) cervical tap

d) thoracic tap

B

Ascending tracts transmit __________ impulses while descending tracts conduct __________ impulses.

a) motor; sensory

b) sensory; motor

c) spinal; cranial

d) cranial; spinal

B

Which of the following embryonic tissues develops into the adult brain?

a) Endoderm

b) Ectoderm

c) Mesoderm

d) Neuroderm

D

What type of reflex makes someone drop a very heavy weight due to high tension?

a) withdrawal reflex

b) stretch reflex

c) positive reflex

d) tendon reflex

B

Which reflex causes a flexion away from a painful stimulus?

a) crossed-extensor reflex

b) withdrawal reflex

c) contralateral reflex

d) stretch reflex

A

What is the largest cranial nerve?

a) trigeminal nerve

b) glossopharyngeal nerve

c) vagus nerve

d) abducens nerve

A

Which cranial nerve mediates 2/3 of the tongue?

a) facial nerve

b) glossopharyngeal nerve

c) accessory nerve

d) hypoglossal nerve

B

Which cranial nerve mediates 1/3 of the tongue?

a) facial nerve

b) glossopharyngeal nerve

c) accessory nerve

d) hypoglossal nerve

D

Which cranial nerve mediates tongue movement (sticking out the tongue)?

a) facial nerve

b) glossopharyngeal nerve

c) accessory nerve

d) hypoglossal nerve

A

Which cranial nerve provides motor fibers to muscles that shrug the shoulders and rotate the head?

A. Accessory nerve

B. Hypoglossal nerve

C. Trigeminal nerve

D. Glossopharyngeal nerve

B

Which of the following nerves provides sensation to the 4th and 5th digits?

A. Median nerve

B. Ulnar nerve

C. Radial nerve

D. Musculocutaneous nerve

C

Which receptor type is stimulated by changing body positions?

A. Thermoreceptors

B. Nociceptors

C. Proprioceptors

D. Tactile receptors

B

Which cranial nerve provides motor fibers to muscles of the pharynx?

A. Oculomotor nerve

B Glossopharyngeal nerve

C. Hypoglossal nerve

D. Olfactory nerve

C

Which cranial nerve innervates the lower eyelids?

A. Trochlear nerve

B. Oculomotor nerve

C. Facial nerve

D. Optic nerve

C

Which cranial nerve constricts the pupil?

A. Optic nerve

B. Trochlear nerve

C. Oculomotor nerve

D. None of the above

C

Corneal reflex is mediated by

A. Optic nerve

B. Oculomotor nerve

C. Trigeminal nerve

D. Facial nerve

A

Which layer of the dura mater is the innermost, and has blood vessels coursing through it?

A. Pia mater

B. Arachnoid mater

C. Dura mater

D. Whatsa mater

D

Which of the following is false regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A. CSF is derived from blood plasma which passes through choroid plexuses.

B. CSF circulates in the subarachnoid space around the spinal cord and brain.

C. CSF passes from the lateral ventricles, to the third ventricle, to the fourth ventricle.

D. CSF contains white blood cells.

C

Which of the following is false regarding the spinal cord?

A. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the level of the first lumbar vertebra.

B. The spinal cord has a cervical enlargement and a lumbar enlargement.

C. The cell bodies of lower motor neurons are in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

D. In the spinal cord, the gray matter is centrally located and surrounded by white matter.

A

The descending tracts of the spinal cord are motor, while the ascending tracts are sensory.

A. True

B. False

C

I am a part of the brain stem . Nerve fiber tracts decussate through me and I contain several reflex centers regulating respiration and heart rate. What's my name?

A. Pons

B. Cerebellum

C. Medulla oblongata

D. Thalamus

A

Degeneration or damage to the substantia nigra of the midbrain may result in reduced dopamine levels and Parkinson's disease.

A. True

B. False

A

I am the the major relay station of the brain. Nearly all signals heading to the cerebral cortex get sorted by me first! I am also involved in arousal and emotions. What's my name?

A. Thalamus

B. Epithalamus

C. Hypothalamus

D. Midbrain

D

I am a part of the brain with nervous system and endocrine system functions. I contain the mammillary bodies. I regulate autonomic nervous system activity, regulate body temperature, appetite and thirst. Who am I?

A. Epithalamus

B. Thalamus

C. Cerebral cortex

D. Hypothalamus

D

The precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex is also known as what?

A. The limbic system

B. The primary somatic sensory cortex

C. Broca's speech area

D. The primary motor cortex

A

Which type of tracts run between cerebral hemispheres?

A. Commissural tracts

B. Association tracts

C. Projection tracts

D. Moose tracts

C

The primary visual cortex is located in which lobe of the cerebrum?

A. Frontal lobe

B. Temporal lobe

C. Occipital lobe

D. Parietal lobe

D

Which of the following is intimately involved with our emotions and is known as the "emotional-visceral brain"

A. Cerebellum

B. Midbrain

C. Medulla oblongata

D. Limbic system

C

Which of the following is true regarding memory.

A. Memories are stored in a single lobe of the brain.

B. Long term memory is quickly established the first time you engage with information.

C. Excitement or intense emotion helps facilitate the formation of long term memory.

D. Synaptic changes are not involved in memory formation/retrieval.

B

The somatic sensory pathway begins at the cerebral cortex.

A. True

B. False

A

The somatic motor pathway begins with an upper motor neuron which synapses with a lower motor neuron, which synapses with skeletal muscle.

A. True

B. False

B

A lower motor neuron lesion results in spastic paralysis.

A. True

B. False

D

Which of the following is false regarding the basal nuclei?

A. The basal nuclei are gray matter islands within the white matter of the brain.

B. The basal nuclei fine-tune movement.

C. The basal nuclei filter cognition.

D. The basal nuclei are white matter islands within the gray matter of the brain.

D

Which of the following contributes to the blood-brain barrier?

A. Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells

B. Astrocyte foot processes

C. Pericytes

D. All the above

B

A patient has suffered a brain trauma. As a result, he can hear and understand verbal questions but can not articulate the words to verbally respond. What area of his brain is most likely impaired?

A. The cerebellum

B. Broca's speech area

C. The occipital lobe

D. Wernicke's speech area

A

All the following cranial nerves innervate extrinsic eye muscles except which one?

A. Facial nerve

B. Oculomotor nerve

C. Abducens nerve

D. Trochlear nerve

C

Which cranial nerve provides motor control of the tongue?

A. Trigeminal nerve

B. Facial nerve

C. Hypoglossal nerve

D. Glossopharyngeal nerve

D

Which of the following is not a type of sensory receptor?

A. Mechanoreceptor

B. Thermoreceptor

C. Nociceptor

D. Interceptor

A

Which of the following is false regarding spinal nerves?

A. They are either sensory or motor but not both.

B. They are comprised of nerve fibers that extend beyond the brain and spinal cord.

C. They include cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

D. They may carry autonomic nerve fibers.

B

Which spinal nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A. Hypoglossal nerve

B. Phrenic nerve

C. Musculocutaneous nerve

D. Axillary nerve

C

Which spinal nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles and the skin along the medial aspect of the hand?

A. Median nerve

B. Radial nerve

C. Ulnar nerve

D. Axillary nerve

D

What is the largest nerve emanating from the lumbar plexus?

A. Intercostal nerve

B. Pudendal nerve

C. Sciatic nerve

D. Femoral nerve

C

Which cranial nerve provides sensory data from the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A. Accessory nerve

B. Olfactory nerve

C. Vagus nerve

D. Oculomotor nerve

A

What is the name of the fibrous covering that wraps around the external surface of a peripheral nerve?

A. Epineurium

B. Endoneurium

C. Perineurium

D. Saran wrap

C

What is the name of the fibrous covering that wraps around individual nerve fascicles?

A. Epineurium

B. Endoneurium

C. Perineurium

D. Saran wrap

B

What is the name of the fibrous covering that wraps around individual Schwann cell–axon units?

A. Epineurium

B. Endoneurium

C. Perineurium

D. Saran wrap

B

True or false, the area of skin sensation innervated by a single spinal level is known as a myotome

A. True

B. False

A

True or false, the area of skin sensation innervated by a single spinal level is known as a dermatome

A. True

B. False

B

Adaptation is an example of the perceptual level of somatosensory neural integration.

A. True

B. False

A

Adaptation is an example of the receptor level of somatosensory neural integration.

A. True

B. False

C

Which of the following is false regarding receptors?

A. Sensory receptors are stimulus specific.

B. Receptor (threshold) potential varies among different receptor types.

C. Sensory receptors are evenly distributed in the body

D. Pain receptors are not encapsulated.

B

Proprioceptors are found in the epidermis and are sensitive to light touch.

A. True

B. False

A

The somatosensory cortex can confuse the source of pain sensation when axons from visceral pain receptors are carried by the same spinal nerve as cutaneous pain receptors

A. True

B. False

D

I'm carrying a large box when my wife suddenly adds a second heavy box to the load. As a result, my elbow flexors reflexively contracts to keep me from dropping the boxes on my feet. Why does this happen?

A. Golgi tendon organs are stretched which reflexively contracts the biceps.

B. Golgi tendon organs are stretched which reflexively contracts the triceps.

C. Muscle spindles are stretched which reflexively contracts the triceps

D. Muscle spindles are stretched which reflexively contracts the biceps.

A

The withdrawal reflex is ipsilateral while the crossed-extensor reflex is contralateral.

A. True

B. False

C

I drank 2 six packs of beer and passed out with my arm draped over the arm of a chair. When I woke up, the top (dorsum) of my hand was numb and I couldn't extend my wrist. What peripheral nerve did I injure?

A. Median nerve

B. Ulnar nerve

C. Radial nerve

D. Phrenic nerve

B

Torn axons in the CNS commonly regenerate while those in the PNS do not.

A. True

B. False

B

Where is the primary somatic sensory cortex located?

A. The precentral gyrus.

B. The postcentral gyrus.

C. The occipital lobe

C

Wearing knee-high boots for long hours may result in:

A. Inability to flex the leg.

B. Inability to extend the leg.

C. Foot drop.

D. All of the above.

E. None of the above

A

Which of the following is true regarding memory?

A. Frontal lobe is involved in the memory.

B. Hippocampus is involved in the memory.

C. All the above are true.

A

I am a part of the brain stem that forms a "bridge" between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. What's my name?

A. Pons

B. Cerebellum

C. Medulla oblongata

D. Thalamus

A

I am a component of the diencephalon. The pineal gland is included in my structures. What's my name?

A. Epithalamus

B. Thalamus

C. Hypothalamus

D. Olfactory bulb

D

The precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex is also known as what?

A. The limbic system

B. The primary somatic sensory cortex

C. Broca's speech area

D. The primary motor cortex

B

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A. Frontal lobe

B. Temporal lobe

C. Occipital lobe

D. Parietal lobe

A

True of false, CSF returns to the general circulation via arachnoid granulations which drain into the venous sinuses

A. True

B. False

B

True or false, afferent signals originate in the central nervous system and extend to the peripheral nervous system.

A. True

B. False

A

True or false, degeneration or damage to the substantia nigra of the midbrain may result in reduced dopamine levels and Parkinson's disease.

A. True

B. False

B

True or false, in the brain, the white matter forms the cerebral cortex and surrounds the gray matter, while in the spinal cord gray matter surrounds white matter.

A. True

B. False

B

True or false, the blood brain barrier allows amino acids and potassium to move freely from cerebral capillaries into the brain cells extracellular fluid.

A. True

B. False

B

True or false, the innermost meningeal layer, which clings tightly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord contains many blood vessels, is called the arachnoid mater

A. True

B. False

A

Which ciliated neuroglial cells line the fluid filledventricles and help move CSF?

A. Ependymal cells

B. Microglia

C. Oligodendrocytes

D. Schwann cells

A

Which of the following structures consists of commissural tracts connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

A. Corpus callosum

B. Medullary pyramids

C. Arbor vitae

D. Posterior column

B

Which portion of the brain has hemispheres, lobes, nerve fibers forming the arbor vitae, and functions to "smooth out" muscle coordination?

A. Precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

B. Cerebellum

C. Postcentral gyrus of the cerebrum

D. Thalamus

D

Which portion of the brain stem includes reflex centers, called the corpora quadrigemina, that coordinate head and eye movements?

A. Epithalamus

B. Hypothalamus

C. Pons

D. Midbrain

B

Which of the following is associated with maintaining alert wakefulness?

A. The thalamus

B. The reticular formation

C. The somatic sensory cortex

D. The cerebellum