Emma's Types of Tissues Quizlet

What are the three parts of the tissues?

Cells, Tissues, and the Histology

Each type performs specific functions that maintain homeostasis

Cells

Groups of cells similar in structure that perform common or related function

Tissues

Study of tissues

Histology

What are the types of primary tissues?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve

What is the function of the epithelial tissue?

Cover

What is the functionof the connective tissue?

Support

What is the function of the muscle tissue?

produces movement

What is the function od the nerve tissue?

controls

What type of tissue…

Forms boundaries two main types (by location):

- Covering and lining

- on external and internal surfaces

- Glandular

- secretory tissue in glands

Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium)

What are the main functions of the epithelial tissue? (6)

Protection, Absorption, Filtration, Excretion, Secretion, and Sensory reception

What are the 5 characteristics of epithelial tissues?

Polarity, Specialized contacts, Supported by connective tissues, Avascular but innervated, can regenerate

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue: Polarity

Apical Surface and Basal surface

Apical surface of epithelial tissue

(Upper, free) exposed to exterior or cavity

Basal surface of epithelial tissue

lower, attached

True or False - both the apical and basal surfaces differ in structure and function

True

Which Epithelial Tissue Surface…

- May be smooth and slick

- Most have microvilli (e.g., brush boeder of intestinal lining)

- increase surface area

- Some have cilia (e.g., lining of trachea)

Apical Surface

Which characteristic of epithelial tissue: Specialized Contacts

Cell Junctions

What characteristic of Epithelial Tissues is defined by…

- Covering and lining epithelial tissues fit closely together

- form continuous sheets

- Specialized contacts bind adjacent cells

- Lateral contacts

- Tight Junctions

- Desmosomes

Specialized Contacts

Which surface of the Epithelial Tissue…

- Noncellular basal lamina

- Glycoprotein and collagen fibers lies adjacent to surface

- Reticular lamina

- deep to basal lamina

- network of collagen fibers

- Basement membrane

- basal lamina + reticular lamina

- reinforces epithelial sheet

- resists stretching and tearing 

Basal Surface of Epithelial Tissues

• All epithelial tissues have two names

• - one indicates number of cell layers

• - simple epithelia = single layer of cells

• - stratified epithelia = two or more layers of cells

• - Shape can change in different layers

• - One indicates shape of cells

• - squamous-

• cuboidal-

• columnar

• -In stratified epithelia, epithelia classified by shape in apical layer

Classification of Epithelia

Single layer of cells

Simple epithelia

two or more layers of cells

stratified epithelia

what are the different shapes a cell could have?

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

What type of Epithelial Tissue is…

- Flattened and scale-like

- Nucleus flattened

Squamous Cells

What type of epithelial tissue is..

- Boxlike

- Nucleus round

Cuboidal cells

What type of epithelial tissue is…

- Tall; column shaped

- Nucleus elongated

Columnar Cells

Simple Squamous Epithelium is in two other locations. Where could they be found?

Endothelium and Mesothelium

The lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart

Endothelium

The epithelium of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity

Mesothelium

What type of Epithelia…

- Gland

- One or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion

- Classified by

- Site of product release

- endocrine or exocrine

- Relative number of cells forming the gland

- Unicellular (e.g., goblet cells) or multicellular

- Ductless glands

- Secretions not released into a duct

Glandular Epithelia

One or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion

Gland

Type of gland is classified by…

site of product release and relative number of cells forming the gland

Secretions not released into a duct

Ductless glands

What type of glands…

- Secretions released onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities

- More numerous than endocrine glands

- secrete products into ducts

- Examples include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands

- Unicellular: mucous cells and goblet cells. All produce mucin.

- Dissolves in water to form mucus

- slimy protective, lubricating coating

Exocrine Glands

Mucous cells and Goblet cells that produce mucin are referred to as?

Unicellular Exocrine Glands

Mucin dissolves in water to form…

mucus

What type of glands…

- Multicellular exocrine glands are composed of a duct and a secretory unit

- Classification by structure and type of secretion

- Structure

- Simple glands (unbranched duct) or compound glands (branched duct)

- Cells tubular, alveolar, or tubulo-alveolar

- Type of Secretion

- Merocrine: most - secrete products by exocytosis as produced

- Holocrine: accumulates products within then the cell ruptures

- Apocrine: accumulates products within but only apex ruptures - controversy if exist in humans

Multicellular Glands

Multicellular exocrine glands are composed of…

a duct and a secretory unit

The structure of multicellular glands…

simple glands and compound glands

simple glands

unbranched duct

compound glands

branched duct

Types of secretion of multicellular glands

Merocrine, Holocrine, and Apocrine

most, secrete products by exocytosis as produced

Merocrine

accumulates products within then the cell ruptures

Holocrine

accumulates products within but only apex ruptures, controversy if exist in humans

Apocrine

What type of tissue…

- Most abundant and widely distributed of primary tissues

- Four main classes

- Connective tissue proper

- Cartilage

- Bone

- Blood

Connective Tissue

What are the 4 main classes of connective tissue?

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood

• Have mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue) as their common tissue of origin

• - Cells are free

• - Have varying degrees of vascularity (blood vessels)

• - Have extracellular matrix

• - connective tissue not composed mainly of cells

• - largely nonliving extracellular matrix separates cells

• - so can bear weight, withstand tension, endure abuse

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

True or False - Four characteristics make connective tissues different from other primary tissues

True

• Binding and support

• - Projecting

• - Insulating

• - Storing reserve fuel

• - Transporting substances (blood)

Major functions of Connective Tissue

• Ground substance (Interstitial fluid, Cell adhesion proteins, "glue" for attachment) and Proteoglycans

• - Fibers (collagen, elastin and reticular)

• - Cells

• - Composition and arrangement varies in different connective tissues

Structural elements of connective tissue

What structural element of connective tissue…

Interstitial fluid,cell adhesion proteins,"glue" for attachment,Proteoglycans,Ground substance

Collagen, elastin, and reticular are all types of…

fibers of connective tissue

true or false - one of the structural elements of connective tissue is cells

true

• "Blast" cells

• - immature forum; mitotically and metabolically active; secrete ground substance and fibers

• - fibroblasts in connective tissue proper

• - chondroblasts in cartilage

• - osteoblasts in bone

• - Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

• - "Cyte" cells

• - Mature form; maintain matrix

• - Chrondrocytes in cartilage

• - osteocytes in bone 

Cells

What category do the following cells fall into…

- Immature forum; mitotically and metabolically active; secrete ground substance and fibers

- fibroblasts in connective tissue proper

- chondroblasts in cartilage

- osteoblast in bone

"blast" cells

What category do the following cells fall into…

- Mature form; maintain matrix

- chondrocytes in cartilage

- osteocytes in bone

"Cyte" cells

What are the other cell types found in connective tissues?

Fat cells, white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

store nutrients and they are involved in metabolic processes

fat cells

• Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes

• - Tissue response to injury and immunologic processes

White blood cells

initiate local inflammatory response against foreign microorganisms, they detect

mast cells

phagocytic cells that "eat" dead cells, microorganisms; function in immune system

macrophages

• All connective tissues except bone, cartilage and blood

• - Two subclasses

• - loose connective tissues

• - areolar

• - adipose

• - reticular

• - dense connective tissues (aka fibrous connective tissues)

• - dense regular

• - Dense irregular

• - elastic

Connective Tissue Prope

What are the two subclasses of connective tissue proper

loose connective tissues and dense connective tissues

areolar, adipose, and reticular tissues are…

loose connective tissues

dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic tissues are…

dense connective tissues or fibrous connective tissues

Main Components

- Brain, spinal cord, nerves

- Regulates and controls body functions

Neurons- Specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

Neuroglia- supporting cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons

Nervous Tissue

Brain, spinal cord, nerves,Regulates and controls body functions

Main components of nervous system

specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

neurons

supporting cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons

neuroglia

• Composed of at least two primary tissue types

• - an epithelium bound to underlying connective tissue proper

• - are simple organs

• - Three types

• - cutaneous membranes

• - mucous membranes

• - serous membranes

Covering and lining membranes

What are the two primary tissue types that coverings and linings are composed of?

an epithelium bound to underlying connective tissue proper; are simple organs

What are the three types of covering/linings

cutaneous membranes, mucous membranes, and serous membranes

What type of membrane is described:

- Skin

- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) attached to a thick layer of connective tissue (dermis)

- Dry membrane

Cutaneous Membranes

What type of membrane is described:

- Mucosa indicates location not cell composition

- All called mucosae

- line body cavities open to the exterior (e.g., digestive, respritorym urogenital tracts)

- Moist membranes bathed by secretions (or urine)

- Epithelial sheet lies over layer of connective tissues called lamina propria

- May secrete mucus

Mucous Membranes

What type of membrane is described:

- Serosae: found in closed ventral body cavity

- Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) resting on thin areolar connective tissue

- Parietal serosae line internal body cavity walls

- Visceral serosae cover internal organs

- Serous fluid between layers

- Moist membranes

- Pleurae, pericardium, peritoneum

Serous Membranes