Primate Origins

The hypothesis that suggests traits evolved for tree locomotion is called the __.

Arboreal Hypothesis

According to the __ Hypothesis, adaptations are linked to insect hunting.

Visual Predation Hypothesis

The __-Primate Coevolution Hypothesis states that primate traits evolved alongside flowering plants.

Angiosperm-Primate Coevolution Hypothesis

The theory that combines all three hypotheses suggesting early primates engaged in both fruit consumption and insect predation is known as __ Theory.

Compromise Theory

The geological timeline indicates that most primate evolution occurred during the __ Era.

Cenozoic Epochs

In the Paleocene epoch (65-55.8 mya), the first __ primates, known as plesiadapiforms, emerged.

Archaic

The first true primates, known as __, appeared in the Eocene epoch (55.8-33 mya).

Euprimates

During the Miocene epoch (23-5.3 mya), the first __ and apes started to evolve.

Monkeys

The evolution of early Homo species occurred during the __ epoch (2.6-0.105 mya).

Pleistocene

The __ extinction event (~66 mya) led to 70% of species being extinct, allowing ecological niches to open.

K-T

Era that featured early catarrhines, precursors to monkeys and apes

Oligocene

Epoch known for featuring early hominin diversification

Pliocene

Pleistocene

Evolution of early Homo Species

Holocene

Modern Humans

K-T Extinction

Event during the Paleocene Epoch where 70% of species saw extinction, angiosperm expanded and this led to the the first primates emerging

Fossil Record

A type of origin estimating method that involves crown and stem groups; done by observing fossils and estimating their age to place them in a timeline; tends to underestimate divergence

Crown Group

Definite Primates with derived traits (Comes after a speciation event)

Stem Group

Precursor species lacking distinct traits (Comes before a crown group)

Molecular Clock

Uses DNA mutations to estimate species divergence; tends to Overestimate divergence

Eocene

Epoch that features warmer environments with more tropical environments

Euprimate traits

Forwards-facing eyes, greater brain size, opposable big toe, nails not claws

Adapoids

Lemur like group that featured a larger body size and is considered a stem group for strepsirrhines

Omomyoids

Nocturnal, small-bodied, frugivorous/insectivorous; possible ancestors to haplorhines