HTH 210 Unit 8.2 DDT

diverticulosis

condition of having diverticula; may lead to diverticulitis

dysorexia

abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite

jaundice

yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes; caused by the deposit of bile pigment

periodontal disease

disease of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and bones; most common cause of tooth loss

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

condition in which acid from the stomach flows backward into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain

cleft lip

congenital anomaly in which the upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving a gap

emesis

vomiting

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers on the lining of the colon; also called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

aphagia

being unable to swallow or eat

hematemesis

vomiting blood

gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

polyphagia

excessive eating

melena

passage of dark tarry stool due to digested blood

esophageal varices

enlarged and swollen varicose veins in the lower end of the esophagus; rupture results in serious hemorrhage

anal fistula

abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around the anal opening directly into the rectum

enteritis

inflammation of the small intestine

hemorrhoids

varicose veins in the rectum and anus

intussusception

result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it

diverticulitis

inflammation of a diverticulum, or outpouching of the gut; often results from food being trapped inside

cirrhosis

chronic liver disease; associated with failure of the liver to function properly

ascites

collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

hematochezia

passing bright red blood in the stool

aphthous ulcers

painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown origin; commonly called canker sores

pyrosis

pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing into the esophagus; heartburn

diarrhea

passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements

volvulus

condition in which the bowel twists upon itself, causing an obstruction

hiatal hernia

protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the thoracic cavity; also called diaphragmatocele

gastric carcinoma

cancerous tumor in the stomach

flatulence

presence of excess gas in the stomach or intestines

anorexia

loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; different from anorexia nervosa

hyperemesis

excessive vomiting

polyposis

presence of small tumors called polyps in the mucous membranes of the large intestine; may be precancerous

sialadenitis

inflammation of a salivary gland

pharyngoplegia

paralysis of the throat muscles

ileus

severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of intestinal blockage

cleft palate

congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure

regurgitation

return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth

bradypepsia

having a slow digestive system

celiac disease

autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine; caused by reaction to eating gluten; symptoms include bloating, pain, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies

gastralgia

stomach pain

cholelithiasis

presence of gallstones; may or may not cause symptoms

crohn’s disease

form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the ileum and/or colon; affects all layers of the bowel wall, resulting in scarring and thickening; also called regional ileitis

nausea

urge to vomit

obesity

having too much body fat leading to a body weight that is above a healthy level

bowel incontinence

inability to control defecation

dysentery

disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration

eructation

burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth; belching

colorectal caarcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in the colon or rectum

proctoptosis

prolapsed or drooping rectum and anus

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

cholecystalgia

gallbladder pain

constipation

difficult or infrequent defecation

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver, usually due to a viral infection

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

postprandial

after a meal

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

disturbance in the function of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity

dysphagia

having difficulty swallowing or eating

dentalgia

tooth pain

herpes labialis

infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also called fever blisters or cold sores

dyspepsia

indigestion; having an upset stomach

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

ulcer in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be caused by the acid in gastric juices and may be a result of Helicobacter pylori infection

cachexia

weight loss and generalized wasting that occurs during chronic disease

gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

inguinal hernia

protrusion of a loop of small intestine into the inguinal (groin) region through a weak spot in the abdominal wall

hepatoma

liver tumor

enema

injection of fluid through the rectum and into the large intestine

anastomosis

surgical creation of a connection between two organs or vessels

exploratory laparotomy

abdominal operation for the purpose of examining the abdominal organs and tissues for signs of disease or abnormalities

fistulectomy

surgical removal of an anal fistula

gastric banding

laparoscopic bariatric surgical procedure that places a restrictive band around the top portion of the stomach

gastric stapling

procedure that closes off a large section of the stomach with staples

gavage

use of a nasogastric (NG) tube to place liquid nourishment in the stomach

palatoplasty

surgical repair of the palate

pharyngoplasty

surgical repair of the throat

nasogastric intubation (NG tube)

insertion of a flexible catheter through the nose and down the esophagus to the stomach

colectomy

surgical removal of the colon

diverticulectomy

surgical removal of a diverticulum

colostomy

surgical creation of an opening of some portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside surface of the body

gastrectomy

surgical removal of the stomach

bariatric surgery

group of surgical procedures to treat morbid obesity by reducing stomach size or diverting food from part of the alimentary canal

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

choledocholithotripsy

crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct

ileostomy

surgical creation of an opening in the ileum

liver transplant

implantation of a donor liver

gastric bypass

bariatric surgical procedure that divides the stomach into two portions, then connects the upper portion directly to the small intestine

hernioplasty

surgical repair of a hernia; also called herniorrhaphy

appendectomy

surgical removal of the appendix

total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

providing 100% of a patient’s nutrition intravenously

proctopexy

surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

lavage

use of a nasogastric (NG) tube to wash out the stomach

gastrostomy

surgical procedure to create an opening in the stomach

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder through a small abdominal incision using a laparoscope

hemorrhoidectomy

surgical removal of hemorrhoids from the anorectal area

laparotomy

surgical incision into the abdomen

orthodontics

Branch of dentistry concerned with correction of tooth alignment problems. Specialist is an orthodontist

proctology

Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the anus and rectum. Physician is a proctologist

periodontics

Branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving the gums and tissues surrounding the teeth. Specialist is a periodontist

gastroenterology

Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system. Physician is a gastroenterologist