Ent 222 Lab Phylogeny

What group is Collembola?

Springtails

What are the characteristics of Collembola?

• Belong to Entognatha

• Biting chewing mouth parts

• Wingless

• Terminal furcula

What group is Archaeognatha?

Jumping Bristletails

What are the characteristics of Archaeognatha?

• Belong to Ectognatha

• Rasping mouthparts; long palps

• Wingless

• Abdominal styles and elongated cersi and mediuan filiment

  • Humped back; good at jumping

What group is Ephemeroptera?

May flies

What are the characteristics of Ephemeroptera?

• Immatures are called niaids (aquatic)

• Adults have reduced mouth parts — only function to mate and lay eggs

• Membranous wings

• Reduced hind wings

  • 3 long terminal cersi

What group is Odonta?

‘Dragonflies’ and ‘Damsleflies’W

What are the characteristics of Odonta?

• Immatures = niaids

• Adults have biting chewing mouthparts

• Membranous wings

• Wings of equal size

• Large compound eyes

What group is Dermaptera?

EarwingsWh

What are the characteristics of Dermaptera?

• Biting-chewing mouthparts (mostly photophores who feed on decaying matter)

• Dorsoventrally flattened

• Pincher like cersei

• Short forewings; leathery terigma

• Large hindwings; membranous

What group is orthoptera?

‘Grasshoppers’ and ‘Crickets’

What are the characteristics of Orthoptera?

• Biting-chewing mouthparts (mainly feed on plants)

• Forewings; leathery terigma

• Saltatorial hindlimbs

  • Well developed ovipositors

What group is Mantodea?

Matids

What are the characteristics of Mantodea?

• Biting-chewing mouthparts (predators(

• Small triangular head

• Elongated prothorax

• Leathery forewings

  • Raptorial forelegs

What group is Blattodea and epifamily Termitoidae?

‘Cockroaches’ and ‘Termites’

What are the characteristics of Blattodea and Termitoidae?

• Biting-chewing mouthparts

• Forewings; leathery terigma

• Pronotal shield covering head

• Dorsoventrally flattened

  • Ootheca eggs

What are the distinguishing features of termitoidae?

• Lightly coloured

• Moniloform antennae

What is the group hemiptera?

True bugs

Leafhoppers, aphids and scale insects

What are the characteristics of Hemiptera?

• Piercing-sucking mouthparts (Phytophagous and predatory members)

• Filiform antennae

• Forewings: Hemelytra

• Hindwings: Membranous

What is the group Thyanoptera?

Thrips

What are the characteristics of Thysanoptera?

• Minute body

• Rasping-sucking mouthparts (phytophagous)

• Fringed wings

• Prolific pests

What group is Pscocodea?

Lice

Booklice (wingless), barklice (winged) and chewing&sucking lice (wingless)

What are the characteristics of Psocoptera (book and bark lice)?

• Minute body

• Biting-chewing mouthparts

• Bulbous post-clypeus

• If winged they are tent like wings

What are the characteristics of Phthiraptera (true lice)?

• Ectoparasites

• Dorsoventrally flattened

• Wingless

• Head > Thorax = chewing

• Head < Thorax = Sucking

• Chelate legs

What is the group Neuroptera?

‘Antlions’ and ‘Lacewings’

What are the characteristics of Neuropotera?

• Biting-chewing mouthparts (mainly predatory)

• Membranous wings extend over abdomen

  • Larvae used in biological control programs

What is group Coleoptera?

Beetles

What are the characteristics of Coleoptera?

• Biting-chewing mouthparts (phytophagous or predatory)

• Forewing is sclerotized: Elytra

• Hindwing is membranous

Most diverse insect order

What group is Siphonaptera?

Fleas

What are the characteristics of Siphonaptera?

• Ectoparasites

• Piercing-sucking mouthparts

• Laterally flattened

• Secondarily wingless

• Saltatorial hindlegs

What group is Diptera?

Flies

What are the characteristics of Diptera?

• Sponging-cutting mouthparts

• Only one pair of true wings:Forewings

• Hindwings: modified into halteres

• Use external digestive enzymes

What group is Lepidoptera?

Moths and Butterflies

What are the characteristics of Lepidoptera?

• Larvae have biting-chewing mouthparts

• Adults have siphoning mouthparts (coiled proboscis)

• Scaled wings

• May have silk glands

What group is Hymenoptera?

Bees, wasps, ants and sawflies

What are the characteristics of Hymenoptera?

• Biting chewing mouthparts (lapping in bees)

• Very social

• Synched waist (not sawflies)

• Parasitoids

Which insect groups that we study belong to grouping Entognatha?

Collembola

What is the difference between Apterygote and Ptergyota?

A = ancestrally wingless

P = ancestrally winged

What suborders belong to Orthoptera?

Caelifera (grasshoppers)

Ensifera (crickets and katydids)

What suborders belong to Hemiptera?

Heteroptera (true bugs)

Auchenorrhyncha (cicadas, leafhoppers)

Sternorrhyncha (psyllids, aphids and scales)