Hon. Biology - Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz

Label the stages of the Cell Cycle

Label the phases of Mitosis

What is one of two identical ¨sister¨ parts of a copied chromosome?

A chromatid

The final phase of Mitosis in which the nuclear envelope re-forms.

Telophase

Division of the cytoplasm of the cell.

Cytokinesis

Disorder in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably.

Cancer

First phase of Mitosis.

Prophase

Part of the cell cycle in which cell grows and replicates it's DNA.

Interphase

Third stage of Mitosis during which the sister chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes.

Anaphase

Division of the cell nucleus.

Mitosis

A tiny structure located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope.

Centriole

During what phase of Mitosis do the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell?

Metaphase

Chromatic coils and condenses to dorm deeply staining bodies (which phase?)

Prophase

Centromeres break, and chromosomes begin migration toward the opposite poles of the cell (which phase?)

Anaphase

The nuclear membrane and nucleoli reappear (which phase?)

Telophase

When chromosomes cease their poleward movement, this phase begins (which phase?)

Telophase

Chromosomes align on the equator of the spindle (which phase?)

Metaphase

The nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear (which phase?)

Prophase

The spindle forms through the migration of the centrioles (which phase?)

Prophase

Chromosomal material replicates (which phase?)

None (occurs during the S stage in the cell cycle)

Chromosomes first appear to be duplex structures (which phase?)

Prophase

Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers (which phase?)

Metaphase

A cleavage furrow forms during this phase (which phase?)

Telophase

The nuclear membrane is absent during the entire phase (which phase?)

Metaphase and Anaphase

Period during which a cell carries out it's usual metabolic activities (which phase?)

None

Division of the ________ is referred to as mitosis.

Nucleus

Cytokinesis is division of the _________.

Cytoplasm

The major structural difference between chromatin and chromosomes is that the latter (chromosomes) are _______.

Coiled and Condensed

Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers bu undivided structures called _______.

Centromeres

If a cell undergoes nuclear division but not cytoplasmic division, the product is a __________.

Binuclear Cell

The structure that acts as a scaffolding for chromosomal attachment and movement is called the ________.

Spindle Fibers and/or Centriole

______ is the period of cell life when the cell is not involved in division.

Interphase

What are the stages of Interphase?

G1, S, G2

What happens during Interphase?

• Cells are making cell specific proteins

• DNA Synthesis (DNA doubles)

• Growth

What happens during Prophase?

• Chromosomes condense and become visible

• Spindle Fibers emerge from the centrosomes

• Nuclear envelope breaks down

• Nucleolus disappears

What happens during Metaphase?

• Mitotic spindle is fully developed; centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell

• Chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate

• Each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles

What happens during Anaphase?

• Cohesin proteins binding the sister chromatids together break down

• Sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) are pulled towards opposite poles

• Non-kinetochore spindle fibers lengthen, elongating the cell

What happens during Telophase?

• Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense

• Nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes

• The miotic spindle breaks down

What happens during Cytokinesis?

Animal Cells: a cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells

Plant Cells: a cell plate separates the daughter cells

The M phase is also known as ______.

Mitosis

Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the _______.

Centromere

The _______ is a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

Cell Cycle

The _______ is a fan like microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes.

Spindle

What are the four stages of Mitosis (and their order)?

1. Prophase

2. Metapase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

Proteins known as _______ regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

CDKs and Cyclins

What process ensure that each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information and that each daughter cell also has increased surface area?

Mitosis

Before cell division, each chromosome consists of two identical “sister” ________.

Chromatids

What phase of Mitosis takes the longest period of time?

Prophase

What part of the cell separates and takes up positions on opposite sides of the Nucleus during Prophase?

Centrioles

What phase of Mitosis usually occurs at the same time as Cytokinesis?

Telophase (begins to pinch at this point)

Why do cells replicate their DNA before Mitosis?

Mitosis divides the Nucleus. The “mother” cell must have two copies of DNA.

During what phase does the nuclear membrane disappear?

Prophase

During what stage does the DNA replicated?

S Stage (Synthesis)

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

Divides up the DNA equally so each new daughter cell has the same DNA.

If a cell has 6 chromosomes goes through Mitosis, how many chromosomes will each new daughter cell have?

6