rad. physics book

element vs. compound

element=simple substance, compound=complex substance

2 examples of compounds

water and salt

nucleons

protons and neutrons of the atom

quarks

Subnuclear structure that makes up protons and neutrons.

M theory

Electrons and quarks may not be particles, but instead may be extremely small loops of rapidly vibrating string-like matter.

string theory

The idea that matter behaves differently depending on the vibration of the string-like matter.

how is the binding energy of an electron measured

electron volt (eV)