Notes on Socio-Political Developments in the Spanish and British Empires

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, the religious landscape of the thirteen colonies, slavery in the southern economy, Enlightenment ideas, John Locke's philosophies, and the American War of Independence.

What was Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz known for in her response to Sor Filotea de la Cruz in 1691?

She defended her learning and divine inspiration as necessary for understanding theology.

Why did Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz become a nun?

She wanted to avoid family life and this was the only path available to her.

What predominant religions were present in the thirteen American Colonies in 1750?

Anglican, Baptist, Congregational, Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Presbyterian, and Jewish.

How did the northern colonies of the British Empire generally differ from the southern colonies in terms of religion?

Northern colonies had a variety of mostly Protestant religious groups, while southern colonies were characterized by plantations and primarily agricultural economies.

What role did slave labor play in the economy of the southern colonies?

Slave labor was essential for the production of cash crops such as sugar and tobacco.

What were some of the consequences of sugar production mentioned in the notes?

Deadly work conditions, short life expectancy, and inhumane treatment of slaves.

What types of resistance did enslaved people exhibit, according to the notes?

Revolts, flight, escape, daily resistance, and reactions from the Catholic clergy in Latin America.

What are the key ideas presented in the Enlightenment regarding the universe?

The universe is viewed as a machine, and there is a belief in progressive history where reason will unlock nature.

What was the main argument of John Locke's Two Treatises on Government?

It argues that self-harm and harming others is against the law of nature, and society is formed to defend individual rights.

How did John Locke view the relationship between the individual and society?

He believed the individual is supreme and that the parts are greater than the whole.

What was a significant outcome of the American War of Independence?

The Declaration of Independence claimed a universal foundation for government based on individual rights.

What was the objective of the Continental Congress established during the American Revolution?

To forge a union among the colonies despite the divisions and secure a government to ensure safety and happiness of the people.