Chemistry Concepts Flashcards

Flashcards covering key chemistry concepts such as definitions of matter, types of mixtures, atomic structure, and bonding.

Matter

Anything made up of atoms.

Three states of matter

Gas, Liquids, Solids.

Pure Substance

Made up of only one type of particle, including elements and compounds.

Element

Atoms of only one element, e.g., Hydrogen (H).

Compound

Atoms of two or more different elements bonded together, e.g., Water (H2O).

Mixture

Consists of two or more substances physically combined.

Homogeneous Mixture

One or more substances dissolved in another; looks uniform throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

Different parts are easily seen and picked out.

Solvent

The substance that does the dissolving in a solution.

Solutes

The substances that get dissolved in a solution.

Physical Properties

Characteristics used to describe how substances behave, e.g., color.

Chemical Properties

Determine when a substance changes to produce a new substance, e.g., flammability.

Qualitative Physical Properties

Described using observations like color or texture.

Quantitative Physical Properties

Measured and expressed with numbers, like density.

Physical Change

A change in physical properties, which is reversible.

Chemical Change

A transformation of a substance into one or more different substances.

Atomic Structure

Made up of protons, neutrons (in the nucleus), and electrons (move around nucleus).

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements, e.g., Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na).

Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2 elements, e.g., Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg).

Halogens

Group 17 elements, e.g., Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl).

Noble Gases

Group 18 elements, e.g., Helium (He), Neon (Ne).

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

Mass Number

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

Stable Octet

Having a complete valence shell, usually with 8 electrons.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Ionic Compounds

Formed by transfer of electrons, usually solid at room temperature.

Molecular (Covalent) Compounds

Formed by sharing electrons, usually between nonmetals.

Remember to study Lewis dot diagrams and Bohr Rutherford diagrams

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WHMIS Symbols

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System symbols used to communicate hazards.