SQA Cargo Operations Flashcards

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

What is the main purpose of the IMDG Code?

To ensure safe transport of dangerous goods by sea and prevent harm to people, property, and the marine environment.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

Name three types of information contained in the IMDG Code.

Classification of dangerous goods.

Packing/marking/labelling requirements.

Stowage and segregation rules.

Documentation requirements.

Emergency response guidance.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

What is a Dangerous Goods Declaration?

A signed document from the shipper confirming cargo is correctly classified.

Packed, marked, labelled, documented, and suitable for carriage under IMDG Code.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

Who is responsible for providing the Dangerous Goods Declaration?

The shipper.

MARPOL

How many annexes does MARPOL have?

Six annexes.

MARPOL

What does Annex I of MARPOL cover?

Prevention of pollution by oil.

MARPOL

What does Annex II of MARPOL cover?

Noxious liquid substances in bulk.

MARPOL

What does Annex III of MARPOL cover?

Harmful substances in packaged form.

MARPOL

What does Annex IV of MARPOL cover?

Pollution by sewage from ships.

MARPOL

What does Annex V of MARPOL cover?

Pollution by garbage from ships.

MARPOL

What does Annex VI of MARPOL cover?

Air pollution from ships.

Enclosed Space Entry

Before entry, what tests must be carried out in an enclosed space?

Oxygen content

Flammable Gases

Toxic Gases

Enclosed Space Entry

What is the safe oxygen percentage for entry into an enclosed space?

Between 20.9% and 21%.

Enclosed Space Entry

What must be in place before enclosed space entry?

Enclosed Space Entry Permit

Risk Assessment

Ventilation

Standby person

Communication

Rescue Equipment.

Enclosed Space Entry

What is the role of the standby person at an enclosed space entry?

Remains outside to monitor and raise the alarm in case of emergency.

ISPS / Security

What does ISPS stand for?

International Ship and Port Facility Security Code.

ISPS / Security

Name three shipboard security duties of the crew under ISPS.

Monitoring deck areas.

Controlling access to ship.

Checking restricted areas.

Supervising cargo operations.

Reporting security threats.

ISPS / Security

What are the three security levels under ISPS?

Level 1 - Normal (minimum protective measures maintained at all times).

Level 2 - Heightened (additional protective measures maintained during a period of increased risk).

Level 3 - Exceptional (further protective measures maintained for a probable or imminent threat).

ISPS / Security

Who is responsible for implementing the Ship Security Plan (SSP)?

The Ship Security Officer (SSO).

Pollution Prevention

Where can oil be discharged legally?

Only when en route, not in special areas, oil content less than 15 ppm, and using an approved oily water separator.

Pollution Prevention

What is a "Special Area" under MARPOL?

A sea area where stricter controls are applied due to its ecological condition and traffic (e.g., Mediterranean, Baltic, Red Sea).

Pollution Prevention

How must garbage be disposed of under MARPOL Annex V?

According to strict rules by type: plastics prohibited everywhere, food waste permitted at distances depending on treatment and location.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

How often is the IMDG Code updated?

Every two years (e.g., 2020 edition with Amendment 40-20, 2022 edition with Amendment 41-22).

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

From when did the IMDG Code 2022 edition (Amendment 41-22) become mandatory?

1 January 2024 (voluntary from 1 January 2023).

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

Name the parts of IMDG Code Volume 1.

Part 1 - General provisions/definitions & training;

Part 2 - Classification;

Part 4 - Packing & tank provisions

Part 5 - Consignment procedures;

Part 6 - Construction & testing of packaging's, IBCs, portable tanks etc.

Part 7 - Requirements concerning transport operations.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

What does the IMDG Supplement contain?

EmS Guide (fire/spillage response)

MFAG (Medical First Aid Guide),

Reporting Procedures

IMO/ILO guidelines.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

Before loading dangerous goods, what documents must be onboard?

Dangerous Goods Declaration

Packing Certificate

DG Manifest

Stowage Plan

Cargo Securing Manual

EMS Info.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

What must be checked regarding the marking of dangerous goods?

Correct labels

Placards

Signals (e.g., Bravo flag, red fixed or flashing light).

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

Who may handle dangerous cargo onboard?

Only responsible and competent crew.

IMDG Code / Dangerous Goods

What precautions may be necessary for certain dangerous goods?

Extra PPE (e.g., masks, goggles), ventilation of cargo spaces to prevent gas build-up, and ensuring emergency equipment is available.

Ship Security (ISPS)

What is the purpose of the ISPS Code?

To enhance the security of ships and port facilities against threats such as terrorism, piracy, and unauthorised access.

Ship Security (ISPS)

Name 5 routine shipboard security duties at Security Level 1.

Manning the gangway with a responsible crew member.

Checking identity of persons boarding.

Monitoring restricted areas.

Supervising cargo handling and checking against manifest.

Routine checking of cargo spaces and seals.

Ship Security (ISPS)

What additional duties apply at Security Level 2?

Assign extra patrols on deck.

Severely restrict access and limit access points.

Increase searches of personnel, luggage, and stores.

Escort all visitors.

Impose restricted areas adjacent to ship.

Increase lighting, CCTV, and surveillance.

Ship Security (ISPS)

What should be done at Security Level 3?

Measures from levels 1 & 2 plus any additional ship/port measures in response to a specific imminent threat (can include suspension of operations or lockdown).

Ship Security (ISPS)

What must be in place to monitor access points at night?

Adequate lighting and manning of the gangway.

Ship Security (ISPS)

What is the purpose of a stowaway search?

To ensure no unauthorised persons are onboard before departure.

Fire & Emergencies

What are the immediate actions if a cargo hold fire is discovered?

Sound the fire alarm (manual call point or inform the bridge).

Close ventilation to the affected area.

If small enough, attempt initial attack with portable extinguishers.

Inform the Master.

Muster crew and account for all personnel.

Check manifest and stowage plan to identify type of cargo.

Evacuate personnel from the hold.

Inform shore authorities.

Deploy fire teams, boundary cooling, and prepare for escalation.

Ensure all non-essential personnel are off the vessel.

Fire & Emergencies

What general safety precautions should be followed when fighting a cargo fire?

Always prioritise crew safety.

Provide crew with information about cargo type and hazards.

Distinguish between deck fires and under-deck fires and adapt tactics.

Consider cargo-specific hazards (e.g., chemical, flammable, or explosive risks).

Apply additional precautions from cargo schedules (ISGOTT, IMDG, MFAG, EmS).

Fire & Emergencies

What steps must be taken when preparing for a heavy lift operation?

Confirm lifting points on cargo are adequate (e.g., welded lugs on machinery).

Inspect all lifting gear before use.

Post competent crew at moorings fore and aft.

Verify the marked weight matches ship's documentation.

Assess load shape and distribution, using appropriate slings.

Confirm vessel's stability and GM remain positive during operation.

Eliminate free surface effects where possible.

Ensure only competent operators are employed.

Rig fenders to protect ship against quay during heeling.

Lay correct dunnage to spread weight on deck.

Remove obstructive rails and clear cargo path.

Rig tag lines to steady load.

Confirm UKC is adequate.

Clear area of unnecessary personnel; crane drivers follow a single controller.

Fire & Emergencies

Once a heavy lift is underway, what precautions must be followed?

Clear all non-essential personnel from the area.

"Float" the weight clear of quayside slowly, monitoring for stress.

Communicate with all parties before commencing lift.

Cease any simultaneous operations that may affect the lift.

Monitor derrick/crane for signs of strain.

Cargo Operations - Ro-Ro (Roll-on/Roll-off)

What are the OOW's duties during vehicle loading and discharging on a Ro-Ro vessel?

Visually inspect all vehicles before shipment; refuse unsafe ones.

Operate ramps, cargo doors, and flood barriers only by trained personnel authorised by Master/OOW.

Ensure drivers only move vehicles when directed.

Prohibit passengers from remaining on vehicle decks during operations.

Prevent vehicles and foot passengers from using ramps at the same time.

Ensure clear and unambiguous hand signals are used by deck personnel.

Check lifebuoy and safety line availability at vehicle access points.

Maintain adequate illumination for safe movement.

Ensure vehicles do not obstruct walkways, shell doors, or emergency equipment.

Display "No Smoking" signs and prohibit smoking.

Prevent accumulation of water, oil, or ice on decks and ramps.

Ensure vehicle securing is done only after brakes applied and engines shut down.

Crew securing lashings must be competent and cautious of protrusions/injury risk.

Reduce fume build-up by requiring drivers to shut down engines quickly and ensuring ventilation fans are operating.

Provide PPE for personnel (hi-vis clothing, helmets, lamps for shadow areas).

Enforce safe vehicle speed onboard to reduce collision risks.

Cargo Operations - Ro-Ro (Roll-on/Roll-off)

What Code of Practice applies to Ro-Ro stowage and securing of vehicles?

MGN 621 - "Roll-on/Roll-off Ships - Stowage and Securing of Vehicles."

Cargo Operations - Bulk Carriers (BLU Code)

What must be checked before commencing loading operations on a bulk carrier?

Confirm water depth and air draught are sufficient for cargo operation.

Ensure mooring arrangements are adequate.

Confirm ship can leave berth in emergency (crew available).

Provide safe access to the ship.

Verify ship/terminal communication system is working.

Agree procedures for damage reporting and recording.

Agree any bunkering or repairs alongside.

Ensure Master has received port and terminal regulations.

Confirm shipper has provided full cargo properties.

Test holds and enclosed spaces for safe atmosphere (fumigation status identified).

Pass cargo handling capacities and travel limits of loaders/unloaders between ship and terminal.

Agree a cargo loading/unloading plan for all stages, including ballasting/deballasting.

Identify holds to be worked, sequence, cargo grades, and tonnages.

Discuss trimming needs and agree methods.

Decide and agree procedures for adjusting final trim.

Cargo Operations - Bulk Carriers (BLU Code)

What are the OOW's duties during bulk loading/unloading operations?

Ensure loading plan is followed.

Ensure de-ballasting plan is followed.

Monitor and enforce safe access/security plans.

Follow Master's standing and night orders.

Regularly check hull for signs of stress.

Monitor draught and trim throughout.

Monitor weather, tide, and currents.

Conduct frequent inspection rounds.

Check moorings regularly.

Know location of all shore workers.

Ensure only competent crew are working.

Display appropriate signals and flags (e.g., Bravo flag for dangerous goods).

Ensure crew know emergency signals.

Maintain adequate illumination.

Keep log books updated with relevant information.

Tanker Operations - Inert Gas System (IGS)

What must be checked before commencing cargo operations with an Inert Gas System?

IGS pressure and oxygen recorders operational.

IGS and associated equipment fully operational.

IGS delivering inert gas with oxygen content ≤ 5%.

Cargo tank atmospheres confirmed at < 8% oxygen.

Cargo tanks at positive pressure.

Individual cargo tank IGS valves set as per cargo plan.

Cargo system sea connections/overboard discharges secured.

Scuppers and save-alls plugged.

All tank/bunker openings secured.

Portable drip trays correctly positioned and empty.

Accommodation at positive pressure.

Safe access between ship and shore confirmed.

Communication systems with terminal and shipboard tested.

Tanker Operations - Inert Gas System (IGS)

What actions must be taken if the Inert Gas System fails?

Stop all cargo/ballast discharge from inerted tanks immediately.

Close IGS deck isolating valve, open vent valve between it and pressure regulating valve.

Attempt immediate repair of IGS (consider enclosed space entry precautions if needed).

Ensure flame arresters/flame screens are fitted and effective.

Open vent mast riser valves.

Prohibit free fall of water/slops into tanks.

Suspend ullaging, sampling, dipping, or introducing equipment into tanks until safe (minimum 30 min after IGS stops).

Take precautions against static electricity (earth all introduced equipment, wait 5 hours after IG stopped before entry if possible).

Attempt to restore IGS via emergency supply (SOLAS requires arrangements for connection to external IG source).

Tanker Operations - Ship-to-Ship (STS) Transfer

What preparations must be made before an STS transfer?

Inspect mooring lines (check for wear, chafe protection fitted, spares ready).

Test winches and ensure stoppers are in good condition.

Verify adequate deck lighting for night operations.

Confirm fenders are correctly placed and in good condition.

Prepare rope stoppers and heaving lines (must not include weighted metal blocks).

Ensure sufficient heaving lines available.

Bravo flag rigged and ready to display if transferring dangerous goods.

Ensure fire-fighting equipment ready (hoses rigged, extinguishers positioned).

Plug scuppers and save-alls.

Prepare SOPEP (oil spill equipment) and non-pyrotechnic line-throwing appliances.

Confirm all crew wear correct PPE (helmets, gloves, overalls).

Prepare cargo manifold and blank unused connections.

Ensure valves on transfer lines are in correct positions.

Confirm communication systems set up between vessels and internally onboard.

Cutting equipment (emergency release tools) kept ready.

Tanker Operations - Ship-to-Ship (STS) Transfer

During an STS transfer, when must operations be stopped?

If IGS delivery fails.

If cargo tank pressure becomes too high or low.

If leaks are detected.

If communication systems between vessels are lost.

If weather deteriorates.

In the event of onboard emergency.

If navigational situation becomes hazardous (e.g., dense traffic, collision risk).

Tanker Operations - Bunkering

What checks must be made before the commencement of bunkering operations?

Observe all local requirements.

Ensure all personnel are aware of the operation.

Exchange and agree bunker plan with supplier.

Confirm effective mooring of vessel.

Verify safe access between ship and facility.

Check bunker hoses and equipment are in good condition, correctly rigged, and securely connected.

Ensure firefighting equipment is ready for use.

Plug scuppers and save-alls.

Position portable drip trays under bunker connections (empty before starting).

Close all bunker tank openings not in use and secure unused connections with fully bolted blanks.

Confirm high-level and overfill alarms are operational.

Test bunker emergency stop system.

Ensure oil spill clean-up material is available (SOPEP equipment).

Isolate medium/high-frequency radio antennae.

Set VHF/UHF radios to low power mode.

Tanker Operations - Bunkering

What are the OOW's duties during bunkering?

Maintain continuous watch at the manifold and monitor hoses for leaks.

Keep communication open with bunker barge/shore.

Regularly check sounding of tanks to avoid overflow.

Record start/stop times, tank levels, and quantities transferred.

Enforce "No Smoking/No Naked Lights" policy in bunker area.

Monitor scuppers, drip trays, and save-alls to prevent overflow.

Ensure crew on deck are wearing appropriate PPE.

Keep fire-fighting appliances manned and ready.

Stop bunkering immediately if leak, overflow, or emergency arises.

Log all relevant details in the Oil Record Book (ORB).