BIOL 117: Module 4

What are the three domains of life?

Bacteria, archaea, and eukaraya.

What is the main difference between the tree of life and the net of life?

The tree of life shows evolutionary relationships, while the web of life show the relationships between parts of an ecosystem.

What are the three different types of bacterial cell shapes?

Bacillus, coccus, and spirillum.

What is bacillus shaped like?

Rods.

What is coccus shaped like?

Spherically shaped.

What is spirillium shaped like?

Spiral shaped.

What are the three bacterial arrangments?

Diplo-, strepto-, and staphylo-.

How is diplo- arranged?

Two put together.

How is strepto- arranged?

Chain.

How is staphylo- organized?

Clumped.

Name a disease causing bacteria.

Tetanus.

What is a food made from bacteria?

Cheese.

What is another use for bacteria?

Making drugs.

What is a gram positive cell wall?

It had a thicker peptidoglycan cell wall.

What is a gram negative cell wall?

It has a small amount of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane for the cell wall.

What are the three way bacteria swap DNA with one another?

Transformation, conjugation, and transduction.

What is transformation?

DNA is taken in from an environment that’s been released by lysed cells.

What is conjugation?

DNA transferred by direct cell-to-cell contact.

What is transduction?

Viruses pick up DNA from one cell and transfer it to another cell.

What do heterotrophs do?

Absorb organic molecules from the environment.

How do phototrophs get their energy?

Light used to excite electrons.

How do autotrophs make ATP?

Photophosphorylation.

How do chemoorganotrophs get energy?

Oxidize organic molecules with high potential energy.

How do chemoorganotrophs make ATP?

Cellular respiration or fermentation pathways.

How do chemolithotrophs get energy?

Oxidize inorganic molecules with high potential energy.

How do chemolithotrophs make ATP?

Cellular respiration.