Alice psychology test 3

Ecological validity

The extent to which the findings of research conducted in one situation would generalise to other situations. This is influenced by whether the situation(e.g. a laboratory) represents the real world effectively and whether the task is relevant to real life(has mundane realism)

Hypothesis

A testable statement based on the aims of an investigation

alternative hypothesis

the testable statement predicting a difference in the DV between levels of the independent variable in an experiment for a relationship between variables in a correlation

non directional hypothesis

a statement predicting only the one variable will be related to another, for example that there will be a difference in the DV between levels of the IV in an experiment(or that there will be a relationship between the measured variables in a correlation)

Directional hypothesis

a statement predicting the direction of a relationship between variables, for example in an experiment whether the levels of the IV will produce an increase or a decrease in the DV ( or in a correlation whether an increase in one variable will be linked to an increase or a decrease in another variable)

null hypothesis

a testable statement saying that any difference or correlation in the results is due to chance, that is, that no pattern in the results has arisen because of the variables being stuided

informed consent

knowing enough about a study to decide whether you want to agree to participate

right to withdraw

a participant should know they can remove themselves, and their data, from a study at any time

protection from harm

participants should not be exposed to any greater physical or psychological risk than they would expect in their day-to-day life

deception

participants should not be deliberately misinformed(lied to) about the aim or procedure of the study. If this is unavoidable, the study should be planned to minimize the risk of distress and participants should be thoroughly of demand characteristics but should be avoided

privacy

participants emotions and physical space should not be invaded, for example they should not be observed in situations or places where they would not expect to be seen

confidentiality

participants results and personal information should be kept safely and not released to anyone outside the study

self-report

a research method, such as a questionnaire or interview, which obtains data by asking participants to provide information about themselves

questionnaire

a self-report research method that uses written questions through a ‘paper and pencil’ or online technique

closed questions

a question format in questionnaires, interviews, or test items that produces quantitative data. They have only a few, stated alternative responses and no opportunity to expand on answers