Unit 5 - Reform Movements only

Second Great Awakening

religious revival movement in the first half of the 1800s to make religion more democratic

Revivals

Religious camp meetings where people came together to hear sermons and profess their faith

Charles G. Finney

Influential evangelical revivalist preacher of the Second Great Awakening

Education Reforms

Focus on increasing schooling for all during early 1800s

Horace Mann

organized the public education movement and is known as the "Father of Public Education"

Dorothea Dix

Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums

Penitentiary Movement

movement aimed at structuring prisons so that prisoners would feel sorry for their crimes

Temperance Movement

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

Neal Dow

Father of Prohibition; he made a law in Maine that would prevent the selling of alcohol

Carrie Nation

created sensation by raiding saloons + smashing barrels of beer with a hatchet (late 1800s)

Lyman Beecher

A Presbyterian minister who supported the higher education of women and the banning of alcohol.

Transcendentalism

any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material, the truth can be found in nature

Ralph Waldo Emerson

wrote "Self-Reliance;" Transcendentalist poet, essayist, speaker

Henry David Thoreau

Author of Walden who practiced ideas of transcendentalism.

Utopian Communities

Experimental communities designed to be perfect societies.

Brook Farm

Intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on "plain living and high thinking"

New Harmony

the experimental community in Indiana founded by Robert Owen in 1825; "Village of Cooperation"

Oneida

"Perfectionists"; John Humphrey Noyes; New York; rejected traditional notions of family & marriage

Shakers

The followers of Mother Ann Lee, who preached a religion of strict celibacy, practicality, and communal living.

Women's Rights Movement

organized campaign to win property, education, and other rights for women

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

organized Seneca Falls Convention, founded (with Anthony) National Women Suffrage Organization

Lucretia Mott

Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery

Susan B. Anthony

a leader of the women's suffrage movement and the temperance movement

Seneca Falls Convention

the first national women's rights convention (1848) at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Declaration of Sentiments

the document officially requesting equal rights for women, modeled after the Declaration of Independence

Abolition Movement

the campaign against slavery and the slave trade

Frederick Douglass

Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action

William Lloyd Garrison

Leading white abolitionist, created abolitionist newspaper "Liberator", believed in immediate emancipation

emancipation

the act of setting free

Harriet Tubman

Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad