NM MT II Practice

Disorders in the "muscular dystrophy" group have an infectious etiology.

a. True

b. False

False - muscular dtstrophies are genetic disorders

Which of the following are considered components of the "striatum"?

a. Caudate & globus pallidus

b. Caudate, putamen, & globus pallidus

c. Caudate & putamen

d. Putamen & globus pallidus

Caudate & putamen

The lateral corticospinal tract decussates in the _____________

a. Medulla

b. Internal capsule

c. Midbrain

d. Pons

e. Spinal cord

Medulla

Motor cortex output passes through the __________ cerebellar peduncle on its way to the cerebellum.

a. Middle

b. Superior

c. Inferior

Middle

Motor weakness that a multiple sclerosis patient may experience would more likely be due to which of the following?

a. UMN lesion

b. LMN lesion

c. NMJ lesion

d. Myopathy

UMN Lesion

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy causes motor weakness by compromising ____________

a. Upper motor neurons

b. NMJ transmission

c. Skeletal muscle

d. Lower motor neuron

LMN

The term "climbing" fibers refers to the axons _________ neurons.

a. Inferior olivary nucleus

b. Granule

c. Purkinje

d. Vestibular nuclei

e. Deep cerebellar nucleus

Infeior olivary nucleus

Lesions involving the face portion of the motor cortex would most likely causes facial weakness in the _________ portion of the _________ face.

a. Upper, ipsilateral

b. Lower, contralateral

c. Upper, contralateral

d. Lower, ipsilateral

Lower, contralateral

While a few cranial nerves only contain sensory neurons, most cranial nerves contain voluntary motor neurons. These motor neurons are _______ motor neurons.

a. Lower

b. Upper

Lower

Which of the following best describes myasthenia gravis?

a. NMJ disorder with impaired release of ACH

b. Myopathy

c. UMN lesion

d. NMJ disorder with destruction of the ACH receptor sites

NMJ disorder with destruction of the ACh receptor sites

Patients with cerebellar dysfunction would more likely have _________ tremors, and patients with Parkinson's disease would more likely have _______ tremors.

a. Resting, intention

b. Intention, intention

c. Resting, resting

d. Intention, resting

Intention, resting

Parkinson's disease is one of a number of CNS diseases that have abnormal accumulation of mis-folded proteins. Which of the following is the protein that is involved in Parkinson's disease?

a. Beta-amyloid

b. Cur cumin

c. Tau

d. Alpha-synuclein

E. Quercetin

Alpha-synuclein

Gower's sign would more likely be seen in patients with __________

a. Myopathy

b. Polyneuropathy

Myopathy

The "direct" & "indirect" basal ganglia pathways are connections between the _______ and the _______

a. Striatum, globus pallidus

b. Substantial nigra, striatum

c. Motor cortex, basal ganglia

d. Globus pallidus, thalamus

Striatum, globus pallidus

When the plantar aspect of a newborn's foot is stroked, it is normal for the toes to extend.

a. True

b. False

True - Positive Babinski sign

CNS lesion may be ruled out when UMN lesion signs are not found.

a. True

b. False

False

Which of the following would most likely cause clonus?

a. NMJ disorder

b. Myopathy

c. UMN lesion

d. LMN lesion

UMN Lesion

A 81-year old woman with a history of hypertension suddenly developed weakness in the left lower extremity. CVA involving which of the following arteries would best explain the patients neurological presentation?

a. Left ACA

b. Right PCA

c. Right MCA

d. Right ACA

e. Left PCA

f. Left MCA

Right ACA

Patients with myasthenia gravis typically have initial and predominant muscle weakness in the limbs.

a. True

b. False

False

When the examiner wants to check to see if clonus is present at the wrist, the examiner should quickly flex the patient's wrist.

a. True

b. False

False - Quickly extend

In addition to hand tremors, which of the following tremors would a Parkinson's patient also more likely have?

a. Head and voice

b. Feet and jaw

Feet & Jaw

A "wing-beating" tremor is characteristic of which of the following?

a. Parkinson's disease

b. Wilson's disease

c. Alzheimer's disease

d. Guillan-Barre Syndrome

Wilson's disease

The rubrospinal tract is a member of the lateral motor system of the spinal cord.

a. True

b. False

True

a stroke causes loss of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus which of the following would more likely result?

a. Involuntary movement

b. Slow, limited movement

Involuntary Movement

The hypertonicity that develops in Parkinson's disease is usually called ________

a. Spasticity

b. Rigidity

Rigidity

When the examiner wanted to check to see if clonus is present at the ankle, the examiner should quickly dorsiflex the patient's foot.

a. True

b. False

True

The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is involved in which of the following?

a. Tactile transmission

b. Motor control of the limbs

c. Coordination of head & eye movement

Coordination of head & eye movement

Injury to motor neurons in the PNS would likely cause _______ signs

a. Either UMN or LMN lesion

b. LMN lesion

c. UMN lesion

LMN lesion

The cerebellum is located in the ______ region of the brain

a. Infratentorial

b. Supratentorial

Infratentorial

Which of the following would be the predominant cause of weakness in patients with Polio?

a. Neuromuscular junction disorder

b. LMN lesion

c. UMN lesion

d. Myopathy

LMN lesion

Nigrostriatal tract dopamine ______ movement.

a. Facilitates

b. Restricts

Facilitates

Which of the following diseases would most likely have a pathological finding of "Lewy bodies"?

a. Multiple sclerosis

b. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

c. Subacute combined systems disease

d. Parkinson's disease

e. Guillan-Barre syndrome

Parkinson's disease

When basal ganglia lesion causes bradykinesia/akinesia, the output of the basal ganglia would most likely be abnormally ________

a. Deficient

b. Excessive

Excessive

positive "Babinski" sign would be indicative of which of the following?

a. Myopathy

b. LMN lesion

c. NMJ disorder

d. UMN lesion

UMN lesion

When the patient's movement lacks smoothness or accuracy when rapidly performing back-and-forth movement, the abnormality would be called ___________?

a. Dyspepsia

b. Dysphagia

c. Diplopia

d. Dysmetria

Dysmetria

Which of the following tracts provides UMN innervation to trunk & spinal muscles?

a. Lateral corticospinal, tract

b. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

c. Rubrospinal tract

d. Fasculus gracilis

e. Vestibulospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract

Purkinje neurons cause __________ of the neurons with which they synapse

a. Inhibition

b. Excitation

Inhibition

Lesion of motor tracts in the lateral column of the spinal cord would more likely result in which of the following below the level of the lesion?

a. Weakness with UMN lesion signs ipsilaterally

b. Weakness with LMN lesion signs ipsilaterally

c. Weakness with LMN lesion signs contralaterally

d. Weakness with UMN lesion signs contralaterally

Weakness with UMN lesion signs ipsilaterally

Finding UMN lesion signs would confirm your suspicions that your patient has a cerebellum lesion.

a. True

b. False

False

Which of the following would most likely cause fasciculations?

a. LMN lesion

b. UMN lesion

LMN Lesion

Which of the following synapse with Purkinje cells in the cerebellum?

a. Climbing fibers & parallel fibers

b. Mossy fibers & climbing fibers

c. Mossy fibers & parallel fibers

d. Climbing fibers, parallel fibers, & mossy fibers

Climbing fibers & parallel fibers

The presence of pathological reflexes should cause you to be concerned that your patient has __________.

a. Either a cerebellum or a basal ganglion lesion

b. A cerebellum lesion

c. A basal ganglia lesion

d. Corticospinal tract lesion

Corticospinal Tract Lesion

Motor dysfunction related to basal ganglia lesion would more likely affect the contralateral limbs.

a. True

b. False

True

Which of the following would most likely result from a lesion of the posterior frontal lobe?

a. Weakness

b. Involuntary movements

c. Loss of hearing

d. Loss of pain/temp & tactile sensation

e. Uncoordinated movements

Weakness

Motor deficits caused by cerebellar lesion would most likely occur in the _____ limbs:

ipsilateral or contralateral

Ipsilateral

Dopamine _________ the basal ganglia direct pathway & __________ the indirect pathway.

a. Excites, excites

b. Excites, inhibits

c. Inhibits, excites

d. Inhibits, inhibits

Excites, inhibits

Slowing gait and loss of arm swing may be aspects of the developing motor signs of Parkinson's disease.

a. True

b. False

True

Which of the following are the cerebellar cortex's output neurons?

a. Granule cells

b. Purkinje cells

c. Stellate cells

d. Golgi cells

Purkinje Cells