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Vocabulary flashcards for Introduction to Tissues and Tissue Types
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Endoderm
The innermost germ layer in prenatal development.
Mesoderm
The middle germ layer in prenatal development.
Ectoderm
The outermost germ layer in prenatal development.
Epithelial Tissue
A primary tissue type that functions as selective barriers, secretory surfaces, and protective surfaces.
Connective Tissue
A primary tissue type that binds, supports, strengthens, protects, insulates, transports, stores energy, and provides immune response.
Muscle Tissue
A primary tissue type responsible for movement through contraction and relaxation.
Nervous Tissue
A primary tissue type that makes up nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain, functioning in rapid regulation, integration, and communication.
Simple Epithelium
A single layer of epithelial cells; functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption.
Stratified Epithelium
Epithelial tissue consisting of two or more layers; found where there is wear and tear.
Exocrine Glands
Glands that discharge their secretion products into ducts.
Endocrine Glands
Ductless glands that discharge their secretion products (hormones) directly into the blood or interstitial fluid.
Cutaneous Membrane
The skin; primary organ of the integumentary system.
Serous Membrane
Membrane that lines cavities not open to the external environment and secretes a lubricating fluid.
Mucous Membrane
Membrane that lines body surfaces that open to the exterior and produces a protective film of mucous.
Extracellular Matrix
The non-cellular component of connective tissue, consisting of protein fibers and ground substance.
Collagen Fibers
Connective tissue fibers providing great tensile strength.
Elastic Fibers
Connective tissue fibers that return to original length after being stretched.
Reticular Fibers
Delicate supporting fibers in connective tissue for capillaries and nerves.
Areolar Connective Tissue
A type of fibrous connective tissue that acts like “packing material” for the body.
Adipose Connective Tissue
A type of fibrous connective tissue consisting of adipocytes that store triglycerides.
Reticular Connective Tissue
A type of fibrous connective tissue with a dense network of reticular fibers.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
A type of fibrous connective tissue with regularly arranged collagen fibers, forming tendons and ligaments.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
A type of fibrous connective tissue with irregularly arranged collagen fibers, providing tensile strength in many directions.
Elastic Connective Tissue
A type of fibrous connective tissue with a dense network of elastic fibers, allowing stretching and recoiling.
Chondrocyte
A cartilage cell that produces fibers and the “gristle-like” substance of cartilage.
Hyaline Cartilage
The most prevalent and weakest type of cartilage, found in rings of respiratory tubes and ends of bones.
Fibrocartilage
The strongest type of cartilage, found in intervertebral disks and the meniscus.
Elastic Cartilage
Cartilage that provides strength and elasticity, found in the external ear and larynx.
Synovial Membrane
Membrane lining spaces between bones and joints that secrete synovial fluid to reduce friction.
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells (osteoblasts trapped in bone).
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells.
Osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells that carry oxygen.
Leukocytes
White blood cells that attack foreign microorganisms.
Thrombocytes
Platelets that coagulate blood for clotting.
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle attached to bones, characterized as striated and voluntary.
Smooth Muscle
Muscle found in the walls of viscera, characterized as nonstriated and involuntary.
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle forming the wall of the heart, characterized as striated and involuntary.
Neurons
Nerve cells that are the conducting units of the nervous system.
Neuroglia
Supporting cells of the nervous system.
Regeneration
Growth of functional new tissue after damage.
Cell Shapes
Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional are classifications based on the shape of epithelial cells.