AP Chemistry Exam Review

A set of question-and-answer flashcards based on key concepts from AP Chemistry lecture notes.

What is the Ideal Gas Law equation?

PV = nRT

What is the value of R in the Ideal Gas Law in L atm/mol K?

R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

Ptot = PA + PB + PC + …

What is Graham's Law of Effusion?

The velocity of a particle is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

What is the Combined Gas Law equation?

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

In terms of gas behavior, what is the relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy?

As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of gas molecules also increases.

What causes a gas to behave less ideally?

Large size of particles and polarity.

When are gases considered more real (unideal)?

At high pressures and low temperatures.

What should be done if a thermometer reads too high in a gas law experiment?

It may lead to miscalculating the pressure.

What is critical when measuring volume in a laboratory?

Use appropriate glassware and never use a beaker for measuring.

How does significant figures apply to adding measurements?

Count the number of decimal places, not sig figs, for the result.

What is the empirical formula?

The smallest whole number ratio of elements in a compound.

How do you find the percentage composition of an element in a compound?

(mass of element in 1 mole of compound/molar mass of compound) x 100%.

What happens to gas pressure when volume decreases at a constant temperature?

Pressure increases.

What is the purpose of drying and weighing a filter paper with precipitate multiple times?

To ensure all moisture is removed for accurate mass determination.

What is the relationship between gas density and molar mass?

Higher molar mass results in higher density at the same conditions.

In a fluid with two gases at the same volume and temperature, which gas will have higher speed?

The gas with the lower molar mass.

Which glassware is best suited to prepare a specific volume solution?

A volumetric flask.

What is the result of not correcting for wet pressure in gas measurements?

It can lead to inaccurate pressure readings.

What is the significance of using distilled water in titrations?

It prevents contamination and reaction interference.

Name a common solubility rule regarding group 1 metals.

All compounds containing group 1 metals are soluble.

What is the balanced net ionic equation for a precipitation reaction?

Include only the ions that form the precipitate and exclude spectator ions.