cell division

Cell division

the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Asexual reproduction

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* creates new life on its own with the exact same copy DNA. could be multicellular or single cellular. 
* When multicellular it reproduces to repair itself. Is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
*  Bacteria reproduces by binary fission
* Kalanchoe plants from from plantlets
* Hydras reproduce by budding

Sexual reproduction

takes 2 things to create new life with a mix of DNA from both. 

Chromosome

makes it possible for to separate the DNA during cell division

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Mitosis

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

meiosis

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

Plantlets

a small or young plant

budding

a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism.

binary fission

asexual reproduction by splitting into 2 new bodies

Chromatid

each strand of duplicated chromosome

Centromere

the area where each pair of chromatids is joined

Centrioles

tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle

Spindle

a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids

prophase

Spindle fiber formed, d chromosomes are visible, and the nucleus disappears

Metaphase

centered chromosomes , fibers attach at the centromere

Anaphase

separate d chromosome move to the opposite side

Telophase

New nucleus is formed   

cancer

A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues

histone porteins

A histone is **a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome**.

as a cell grows it demands more of what?

DNA

where is the cells biological information stored?

In the DNA

how does food, water and oxygen enter the cell

through the cell membrane

how is the rate at which cells take in materials effected

depending on the surface area of the cell

when does a cell decide if it needs to split

when it becomes to large and can’t make enough DNA

what are chromosomes

genetic material passed from one generation to the next

when nucleosomes interact with one another what happens

they form coils and super coils that are made up of chromosomes

where is the DNA found in prokaryotic cells

in the cytoplasm

what fazes do eukaryotic cells use

g1,s,g2,m

what happens in the G1 stage

cells increase in size and synthesizes new proteins and organelles

what happens in the s stage

DNA is copied

what happens in the G2 phase

preparing for mitosis and finishing any other molecule that may not be there

what happens during the M phase

mitosis

what is mitosis

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

what happens in metaphase 1

centered chromosomes , fibers attach at the centromere (not identical)

what happens in prophase 1

Spindle fiber formed, d chromosomes are visible,chromosomes crossing over, and the nucleus disappears

what happens in anaphase 1

separate d chromosome move to the opposite side, the spindle pulls homologous pairs apart

what happens in telophase 1

nucleus reappears

what happens in cytokines 1

2 new cells are made

diploid

2N=8(46)- 2 complete sets of chromosomes

haploid

N=4(23)- one complete set of chromosomes

how does prophase 2 differ from prophase 1

chromosomes appear as two chromatids