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Cell division
the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.
Asexual reproduction
creates new life on its own with the exact same copy DNA. could be multicellular or single cellular.
When multicellular it reproduces to repair itself. Is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Bacteria reproduces by binary fission
Kalanchoe plants from from plantlets
Hydras reproduce by budding
Sexual reproduction
takes 2 things to create new life with a mix of DNA from both.
Chromosome
makes it possible for to separate the DNA during cell division
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
meiosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
Plantlets
a small or young plant
budding
a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism.
binary fission
asexual reproduction by splitting into 2 new bodies
Chromatid
each strand of duplicated chromosome
Centromere
the area where each pair of chromatids is joined
Centrioles
tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle
Spindle
a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids
prophase
Spindle fiber formed, d chromosomes are visible, and the nucleus disappears
Metaphase
centered chromosomes , fibers attach at the centromere
Anaphase
separate d chromosome move to the opposite side
Telophase
New nucleus is formed
cancer
A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues
histone porteins
A histone is a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome.
as a cell grows it demands more of what?
DNA
where is the cells biological information stored?
In the DNA
how does food, water and oxygen enter the cell
through the cell membrane
how is the rate at which cells take in materials effected
depending on the surface area of the cell
when does a cell decide if it needs to split
when it becomes to large and can’t make enough DNA
what are chromosomes
genetic material passed from one generation to the next
when nucleosomes interact with one another what happens
they form coils and super coils that are made up of chromosomes
where is the DNA found in prokaryotic cells
in the cytoplasm
what fazes do eukaryotic cells use
g1,s,g2,m
what happens in the G1 stage
cells increase in size and synthesizes new proteins and organelles
what happens in the s stage
DNA is copied
what happens in the G2 phase
preparing for mitosis and finishing any other molecule that may not be there
what happens during the M phase
mitosis
what is mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
what happens in metaphase 1
centered chromosomes , fibers attach at the centromere (not identical)
what happens in prophase 1
Spindle fiber formed, d chromosomes are visible,chromosomes crossing over, and the nucleus disappears
what happens in anaphase 1
separate d chromosome move to the opposite side, the spindle pulls homologous pairs apart
what happens in telophase 1
nucleus reappears
what happens in cytokines 1
2 new cells are made
diploid
2N=8(46)- 2 complete sets of chromosomes
haploid
N=4(23)- one complete set of chromosomes
how does prophase 2 differ from prophase 1
chromosomes appear as two chromatids