OA: Occupational Adaptation Model

OA was developed by _______ & ______ in ______ at ______

Dr. Schkade, Dr. Schultz 1992 at TWU

Basic assumption of OA

"If we help the patient become more functional, he will be able to adapt..."

3 Primary assumptions of PA

-OA is a state and a process

-Increase adaptive capabilities → increase functional capacity

-OA is a normative process, most pronounced during transitions

How is OA different from other models?

complete reverse

others say: increase functionality = increase adaptiveness

OA says: increase adaptiveness (internal) = increase functionality

The target of OA is:

the patient's internal adaptive process; all therapy directed at improving the patient's adaptiveness

2 interrelated principles to summarize OA:

1. OA is a normative, internal human process

2. OA is an intervention process that can guide an occupational therapist's critical thinking and clinical reasoning within the therapeutic process and relationship

What does OA look like graphically?

OA model

Desire for Mastery and Person Systems

-Everyone has this

-Different experience/circumstances impact ability to be masterful

Demand for Mastery

-comes from occupational environment

-environment : physical , cultural ,social subsystems impact level of demand for mastery

ex) cultural = expectations of grades , expect it to be hard

Press for Mastery

-high, low, medium

-ex) introvert person, demand from enviro for group = ↑press

press impacts level of mastery

When person a demands do not align : pressed feeling (high press for mastery)

Occupational Challenge

something you want need to doainformed by role expectations

↳ internal - external

Occupational Role

-Internal (from self)

ex) responsible = 15 min early

-External (from others)

ex) teacher expect be on time

Occupational Response

How you act in light of challenges and roles

Generating adaptive response: Adaptive Response Mechanisms

Energy

Modes

Behaviors

Energy Response Mechanism

Energy: the desire to do something

Primary: intentional, focused, typically first encounter

Secondary: natural, subconscious, flows, not thinking about it and pops in head

Modes Response Mechanism

Existing mode: familiar, go-to, typical response (most secondary energy)

Modified mode: slight alternative, similar

New mode: whole new response to challenge (most primary energy)

Behaviors Adaptive Response

Primitive (hyperstable): structured, rigid, stuck, often when stressed out/overwhelmed

Transitional (hypermobile): very fluid, highly variable, not modulated, haphazard

Mature (blended mobility/stability): blend stable and mobile

classes of behavior - not hierarchies all three aspects are in repertoire forever *

Generating adaptive response: Adaptive Gestalt

-occurs after the response mechanism

-all person systems present

-assessment of the amount of sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial capacities at varying proportions to respond to occupational demands

Adaptive Response Evaluation

Evaluation of relative mastery

-Efficiency

-Effectiveness

-Satisfaction

Relative Mastery

Relative mastery is NOT the same skill as mastery

Relative mastery IS a phenomenological assessment of the person's experience with respect to a particular occupational event

Response Evaluation: efficiency

Extent of use of available resources (time, energy, resources)

Response evaluation: Effecitveness

achieve their occupational engagement and participation goals

Response evaluation: satisfaction

to self/society = Extent to which people are content with their occupational performance and congruence between occupational participation and performance expectations

Adaptive Response Integration

-comes after generating adaptive response, executing occupational response, and evaluating the event

-occupational adaptation, homeostasis, occupational dysfunction/dysadaptation

Response Integration: Occupational Adaptation

the goal of OA - the good one!

Generalize modified mode into new situation spontaneously with high relative mastery

Response integration: Homeostasis

getting stuck in original thought

Response integration: Occupational Dysfunction/Dysadaptation

-Negative consequences because of response

-a performance rated as dysadaptive can ultimately lead to adaptation and enhancement of occupational adaptation process strength

4 main concepts ("constants")

adaptive capacity

Person's ability to perceive the need to change, modify, or refine responses to occupational challenges in the environment

"Tools in the toolbox"

Goals of OA:

-impact client's internal adaptation process

-client be own agent of change, not technique specific

-look for improvements in relative mastery, generalization to novel situations, self-initiated adaptations