periodic trends/nomenclature/formulas

Alkali metals (+)

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Alkaline earth metals (2+)

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

O, S, Se, Te, Po

Chalcogens (2-)

Halogens (-)

F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts

Noble gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

H+

hydrogen ion

NH4+

ammonium ion

Li+

lithium ion

Cu+

copper(I) or cuprous ion

Na+

sodium ion

K+

potassium ion

Cs+

cesium ion

Ag+

silver ion

Mg^2+

magnesium ion

Co²+

cobalt(II) or cobaltous ion

Ca²+

calcium ion

Cu²+

copper(II) or cupric ion

Sr^2+

strontium ion

Fe²+

iron(II) or ferrous ion

Ba²+

barium ion

Mn2+

manganese (II) or manganous ion

Zn^2+

zinc ion

Hg_2, 2+

mercury(I) or mercurous ion

Cd²+

cadmium ion

Hg 2+

mercury(II) or mercuric ion

Ni^2+

nickel(II) or nickelous ion

Pb^2+

lead(II) or plumbous ion

Sn²+

tin(II) or stannous ion

Al³+

aluminum ion

Cr³+

chromium(III) or chromic ion

Fe^3+

iron(III) or ferric ion

H¯

hydride ion

CH_3COO (or C2H3O2¯)

acetate ion

F-

fluoride ion

CIO3¯

chlorate ion

Cl-

chloride ion

ClO4-

perchlorate ion

Br-

bromide ion

NO3-

nitrate ion

I-

iodide ion

MnO4-

permanganate ion

CN-

cyanide ion

OH-

hydroxide ion

O^2-

oxide ion

CO3^2-

carbonate ion

H2O2^2-

peroxide ion

S²-

sulfide ion

CrO4^2-

chromate ion

Cr2O7^2-

dichromate ion

SO4²-

sulfate ion

N^3-

nitride ion

PO4³-

phosphate ion

CaCl2

calcium chloride

Al(NO3)3

aluminum nitrate

Cu(ClO4)2

copper(II) perchlorate (or cupric perchlorate)

Metal Cations

Have the same name as the metal (e.g., sodium ion).

Cations with Different Charges

Positive charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the metal name (e.g., iron(II) ion).

Nonmetal Molecule Cations

Cations formed from molecules composed of nonmetal atoms have names that end in -ium (e.g., ammonium ion).

Oxyanions (-ate and -ite)

Polyatomic anions containing oxygen ending in -ate (most common) or -ite (one O atom fewer).

Per- and Hypo- Prefixes in Oxyanions

Per- indicates one more O atom than -ate; hypo- indicates one O atom fewer than -ite in a four-member series.

Hydrogen-added Anions

Named by adding the prefix hydrogen or dihydrogen (e.g., hydrogen carbonate ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion).

Naming Acids from -ide Anions

Change -ide to -ic, add the prefix hydro-, and follow with the word "acid".

Naming Acids from -ate and -ite Anions

Change -ate to -ic and -ite to -ous, then add the word "acid" (retain prefixes like per- and hypo-).

First Element in Binary Molecular Compounds

The element farther to the left in the periodic table is written first (exception: oxygen is written last with Cl, Br, or I).

Same-Group Rule in Binary Molecular Compounds

If both elements are in the same group, the one closer to the bottom of the table is named first. Sulfur dioxide.

Second Element in Binary Molecular Compounds

The name of the second element is given an -ide ending.

Greek prefixes

indicate the number of atoms of each element.

-ate

-ic

(we hATE him so he's an ICk)

-ite

-ous

(aight, you come with us)