Diseases of the Genitourinary Tract (Part II) - Exam 5

What are 5 diseases of the genital tract?

1. Gonorrhea

2. Chlamydia

3. Syphilis

4. Chancroid

5. Bacterial vaginosis

What organism causes gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

What kind of discharge is observed with gonorrhea?

purulent discharge

What organism causes chlamydia?

Chlamydia trachomatis

What is the most common bacterial STD?

Chlamydia

What kind of discharge is observed with chlamydia?

clear discharge

Epidemiology of Chlamydia

Co-infection with gonorrhea is common

-if positive for chlamydia, screen for gonorrhea

What organism causes Syphilis?

Treponema palladium

How does syphilis appear on a gram stain?

Gram-negative spirochete

-Can't culture in a lab

What are the 4 stages of Syphilis?

1. Primary

2. Secondary

3. Latent

4. Late (tertiary)

*Stages progress if untreated

What occurs during the primary stage of Syphilis?

Chancre lesions

-fluid from lesions is infectious

-very contagious stage

What occurs during the secondary stage of Syphilis?

contagious rash

What occurs during the latent stage of Syphilis?

last for many years

What occurs during the late/tertiary stage of Syphilis?

-gumma lesions

-death likely

Culture/Diagnosis of Syphilis

-Antibody screening test (Rapid Plasma Reagin/RPR)

-Antigen latex test (VDRL)

What organism causes Chancroid?

Haemophilus ducreyi

Culture/Diagnosis of Chancroid

ulcerative lesions

What organism causes Bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

gardnerella vaginosis

-normal flora of the vagina overgrows

*NOT an STD

What kind of discharge is observed with bacterial vaginosis?

gray discharge, "fishy" odor

What are 3 viral diseases of the genital tract?

1. Acute retroviral syndrome/AIDS

2. Genital herpes

3. Genital warts

How is acute retroviral syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread?

primarily through sexual contact

What kind of virus is HIV?

retrovirus

*capable of going latent

What organism causes genital herpes?

herpes simplex virus: HSV-2

What kind of virus is genital herpes?

latent

In severe cases, genital herpes can cause _________________

encephalitis

What does reactivation of genital herpes result in?

vesicular genital lesions

What organism causes genital warts?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

What is the most common viral STD in the US?

genital warts

-papular rash

Are genital warts contagious?

Yes, contagious even if no warts are present at the time

HPV is the most common cause of ____________ cancer

cervical

What forms of HPV cause cervical cancer?

HPV 16 and 18

Prevention of HPV and cervical cancer

vaccine for some strains

What is a fungal disease of the genital tract?

Candidiasis (yeast infection)

What organism causes Candidiasis (yeast infection)?

Candida albicans most commonly

-normal flora overgrowth (common after antibiotic use)

What kind of discharge is observed with Candidiasis?

thick white discharge

What is a parasitic disease of the genital tract?

Trichomoniasis

Culture/Diagnosis of Trichomoniasis

jerky motility under microscope

"strawberry" cervix