External factors that impact the academic performance of w/c students

What is cultural deprivation?

The idea that someone lacks sufficient norms and values.

What is material deprivation?

When someone lacks basic necessities such as nutritious food.

What is Bernstein’s theory of speech codes and how does it have an impact on education?

The idea that children of different classes speak differently. M/c kids tend to use the elaborated code. Meanwhile, w/c kids are more likely to use the restricted code.

Schools see more value and potential in pupils who use the elaborated code so w/c pupils are often neglected.

How is the parent's education linked to how their children perform according to Douglas and Feinstein and Bernstein and Young?

Douglas and later feinstein found that m/c parents are more likely to be well educated and so they place more value on their child's education than their w/c counterparts.

Bernstein and young also found that m/c parents are more likely to invest in educational toys for their kids.

This upholds the class disparity in academic achievement.

What are the 4 main features of w/c subcultures according to Sugarman and how does this impact educational achievement?

fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification and present time orientation.

This impacts w/c educational achievement as w/c pupils often feel doomed to fail and prefer immediate gratification over delayed gratification got from things like high grades.

How can the theory of cultural deprivation be evaluated?

Nell Keddie (1973) argues that the idea that w/c people are deprived is victim blaming. Instead, she says that they are just different, not deprived.

What four things can be used to prove that poverty and educational underachievement are linked?

Barely a third of FSM pupils achieve 5 GCSEs at grades A*-C according to the department for education

Flaherty notes that financial struggles are a major reason for school absences

W/c kids are more likely to truant and be excluded

Nearly 90% of failing schools are in deprived areas

Give an example of a theory that shows how cultural deprivation impacts the performance of w/c students

Basil Bernstein’s speech codes

Give an example of how material deprivation impacts the performance of w/c students according to Howard

Food rich in vitamins and minerals tends to cost more. Therefore, w/c kids consume less nutritious food which leads to them becoming ill more frequently and lacking energy in school