Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Depression

Flashcards focusing on key terms and concepts related to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Depression, based on the lecture notes.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

An anxiety disorder marked by the presence of obsessions and compulsions.

Obsessions

Intrusive and recurring thoughts, impulses, or images that are irrational and appear uncontrollable to the individual.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the distress caused by obsessive thoughts.

Serotonin hypothesis

The theory that OCD arises from abnormalities in the serotonin neurotransmitter system.

Comorbidity

The presence of one or more additional conditions co-occurring with a primary condition.

Anhedonia

Loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities, which is a symptom of depression.

Cognitive triad

The negative beliefs about oneself, circumstances, and future that underpin the content of automatic thoughts in depression.

Hoarding Disorder

Previously considered a subtype of OCD, characterized by excessive saving and inability to discard items.

Dysregulated HPA response

A hypothesized difference in how women respond to stress, potentially contributing to higher rates of depression.

Learned helplessness

A condition in which individuals feel unable to control their situation, leading to a lack of escape behavior from adverse conditions.

Withdrawal effects

Negative physical and psychological effects experienced after the reduction or cessation of substance use.

Expectancy theory

A model that suggests individuals are motivated to drink alcohol based on the expected outcomes of alcohol consumption.

Opponent-Process Theory of Addiction

The theory that the body's biological processes respond to substance use in ways that oppose the drug's effects, aiming to maintain homeostasis.

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)

A pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent.

Substance use disorders

A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress.

Adaptation through depression

The concept that depression may evolve as a biologically-driven strategy for regulating effort and managing goals.

Social media addiction

Compulsive usage of social media that leads to mood disturbance, interpersonal problems, and poorer mental health.

Masking Depression

A hypothesis that some men express psychological distress through externalizing behaviors rather than through sadness.