BJU Press Biology Chapter 13--Protists and Fungi

protist

microorganism made of eukaryotic cells

protozoan

protists in kingdom protozoa

sporozoan

protozoans that is parasitic and has no means of locomotion

motile

able to move

cilia/cilium

a fringe of hair-like projections that ripple along in rhythmic waves as the protozoan moves

dinoflagellates

protozoans that propel themselves using whip-like structure called a flagellum

pseudopods (pseudopodium)

a bulge filled with cytoplasm that protozoans extend in front of them to pull themselves along

eyespots

areas of pigment that can detect light

cyst

a hard, protective coating

phagocytosis

the process of a protozoan engulfing a food molecule

spores

reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall

chromists include

protists with chloroplasts

conjugation tube

a cytoplasm bridge used to connect two algae cells during conjugation

plankton

organisms that float in the ocean and don’t swim against the current

phytoplankton

autotrophic plankton

zooplankton

heterotrophic, usually protozoan, plankton

algal bloom

a surge in the population of algae

chitin

a large sugar molecule found in the outside coating of insects

hyphae/hypha

slender filaments that make up most fungal colonies

septae/septum

partitions in hyphae that create segments made of individual cells, connected by pores to allow the exchange of cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclei

mycelia/mycelium

made up of interwoven hyphae

fruiting body

a special fungal structure made of many hyphae that is responsible for reproduction

stipe

the stalk of the fruiting body

cap

the top of the fruiting cap

gills

found on the underside of the cap, produce thousands of spores

budding

a process that involves part of the cell pinching off to produce more cells

fragmentation

the process in which part of a fungus breaks off and forms new fungus cells through mitosis

perfect fungi

fungi that can reproduce both sexually and asexually

imperfect fungi

fungi that cannot are not able to reproduce sexually

mycorrhiza

a relationship between plant roots and fungi

lichen

consists of fungi and algae living in symbiosis