APUSH UNIT 2 vocab

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Virginia Company

Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

John Smith

Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

Pilgrims

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.

Maryland Act of Toleration

1649 - Ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colony's large Protestant population. The act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians.

John Winthrop

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Puritans

a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s

Separatists

English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Included the Pilgrims and Quakers

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

It has the features of a written constitution, and is considered by some as the first written Constitution. Government is based in the rights of an individual, and it spells out some of those rights, as well as how they are ensured by the government.

Halfway Covenant (1662)

the law passed to make it easier for the less religious children of the Puritans to become baptized members of the Puritan church.

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

subsistence farming

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preach a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania.

House of Burgesses

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legislative acts.

Town Meetings in New England

Many towns relied upon in which all white, land holding men were allowed to participate in citizen-participation direct democracy.

Atlantic Economy

A commercial exchange that was dominated by the British due to remarkable growth in its colonies. It is commonly referred to as the "triangle trade," designating a three-way transport between Europe, Africa, and the colonies.

Transatlantic trade

New England to England- raw materials, England to Africa- Rum / manufactured goods Africa to West Indies—Slaves, Gold

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Navigation Acts

Passed in 1660 by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.

Salutary Neglect

An English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty

King Phillip's War (1675-1676)

Series of assaults by Metacom on English settlements in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades.

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Armed rebellion in Virginia against Governor William Berkeley, who had the support of the British government. Forces from England came to Virginia to suppress the resistance and reform the colonial government to one that was more directly under royal control.

Stono Rebellion (1739)

South Carolina slave revolt that prompted the colonies to pass stricter laws regulating the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways.

Pueblo Revolt of 1680

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt.

Slave Codes

Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights.

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Pluralism

A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group.

First Great Awakening, 1730s-1760s

Evangelical religious revival that swept through Britain's North American colonies. It strengthened beliefs in religious freedom and challenged the status of established churches.

European Enlightenment

European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society.

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god"

George Whitefield

Christian preacher whose tour of the English colonies attracted big crowds and sparked the First Great Awakening. A leader of the "New Lights."

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Anglicization

Process of colonies becoming and acting British. This was influenced by print culture (newspapers and writings) and communities based on English models.

New Lights

Clergymen who defended the Great Awakening for reinvigorating American religion

Old Lights

Conservative clergymen who were against the emotional approach of the Great Awakening