Scrotum

Connect the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens to the urethra at the verumontanum

ejaculatory ducts

Reservoirs for sperm located posterior to the bladder

seminal vesicles

Plexus of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into the right and left testicular veins

pampiniform plexus

Junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra

verumontanum

Male gonad that produces hormones that induce masculine features and spermatozoa

testicle

An extension of the internal oblique muscle that descends to the testis with the spermatic cord

cremasteric muscle

Membrane consisting of a visceral layer and a parietal layer lining the inner wall of the scrotum

tunica vaginalis

Partially supply the scrotal wall and epididymis and occasionally the lower pole of the testis

pudendal artery

Tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

vas deferens

Anatomic structure formed by the network of ducts leaving the mediastinum testis that combine into a single, convoluted epididymal tubule

epididymis

Artery arising from the aorta just distal to each renal artery

testicular artery

Central linear structure formed by the convergence of multiple, thin septations within the testicle, which are invaginations of the tunica albuginea

mediastinum testis

Small membranous canal that extends from the bladder to the end of the penis

urethra

Multiple septa formed from the tunica albuginea that course toward the mediastinum testis and separate the testicle into lobules

septa testis

Inner fibrous membrane surrounding the testicle

tunica albuginea

Structure made up of vas deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery, and pampiniform plexus that suspends the testis in the scrotum

spermatic cord

Sac containing the testes and epididymis

scrotum

Small artery arising from the inferior epigastric artery, which supplies the peritesticular tissue, including the cremasteric muscle

cremasteric artery

Formed by the pampiniform plexus

testicular vein

Arises from the vesicle artery and supplies the vas deferens and epididymis

deferential artery

Terminal intratesticular arteries arising from the capsular arteries

centripetal artery

Terminal ends of the centripetal arteries that curve backward toward the capsule

recurrent rami

Dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus caused by obstruction of the venous return from the testicle?

varicocele

Cyst filled with clear, serous fluid located in the epididymis?

epididymal cyst

Fluid formed between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis?

hydrocele

Cyst in the vas deferens containing sperm?

spermatocele

Inflammation of the epididymis?

epididymitis

Testicles remain within the abdomen or groin and fail to descend into the scrotal sac?

cryptorchidism

Pus located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis?

pyocele

Network of the channels formed by the convergence of the straight seminiferous tubules in the mediastinum testis?

rete testis

Blood located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis?

hematocele

The testes are symmetric, oval-shaped glands residing in the ___________________.

scrotum

The seminiferous tubules converge at the apex of each lobule and anastomose to form the ___________________ in the mediastinum

rete testis

The largest part of the epididymis is the ___________________, measuring 6 to 15 mm in width

head

The ductus epididymis becomes the ___________________ and continues in the spermatic cord

vas deferens

The testis is completely covered by a dense, fibrous tissue termed the ___________________.

tunica albuginea

The ___________________ supports the ducts coursing within the testis.

mediastinum

The space between the layers of the tunica vaginalis is where ___________________ can form.

hydroceles

The ___________________ is a continuation of the ductus ___________________.

vas deferens, epididymis

The vas deferens dilates at the terminal portion near ___________________.

seminal vesicles

Right and left testicular arteries arise from the ___________________ just below the level of the renal arteries.

abdominal aorta

Venous drainage of the scrotum occurs through the veins of the ___________________ plexus.

pampiniform

Power Doppler is often used as a way to quickly get to a sensitive setting that will demonstrate ___________________ flow

slow

The most important goal of the ultrasound examination in testicular trauma is to determine if ___________________ has occurred.

rupture

An acute hematocele is ___________________ with numerous, highly visible echoes that can be seen to float or move in real time.

echogenic

The most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults is ___________________ infection of the epididymis and testis

epididymo-orchitis

The normal epididymis shows ___________________ flow with color Doppler.

little

With epididymitis, Doppler waveforms demonstrate ___________________ velocities in both systole and diastole.

A low resistance waveform pattern is present.

increased

___________________ of the spermatic cord occurs as a result of abnormal mobility of the testis within the scrotum.

torsion

The ___________________ anomaly occurs when the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis, epididymis, and distal spermatic cord, allowing them to move and rotate freely within the scrotum.

bell clapper

Torsion is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in ___________________.

adolescents

A(n) ___________________ of perfusion in the symptomatic testis with normal perfusion demonstrated in the asymptomatic side is considered to be diagnostic of torsion.

absence

Extratesticular cysts are found in the tunica ___________________ or epididymis.

albuginea

___________________ are usually caused by incompetent venous valves within the spermatic vein.

Varicoceles

A(n) ___________________ contains serous fluid and is the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling.

hydrocele

Testicular cancer occurs most frequently between the ages of ___________________ years

20 to 34

Patients with ___________________ testes are 2.5 to 8 times more likely to develop cancer.

undescended

These masses called ___________________ are usually benign, whereas ___________________ masses are more likely to be malignant

extratesticular, intratesticular

The term ___________________ describes a condition in which the testis has not descended into the scrotum and cannot be brought into the scrotum with external manipulation.

undescended testis or cryptorchidism

Each teste is divided into 250 to 400 conical lobules
which contain __________ _______

seminiferous tubules

the seminiferous tubules form the ________ _______

rete testis

the rete testis drains into the __________

epididymis

Seminal vesicles and vas deferens combine to create the _________ __________

ejaculatory duct

the ______ _______ secrete preseminal fluid for lubrication

cowper gland

what is the arrow pointing to

rete testis

tiny echogenic tubular looking structures, adjacent to the epididymal head

rete testis

Torsion of the appendix testes is most common cause of acute scrotal pain in

prepubescent boys

what sign is a very strong indicator for torsion

blue dot sign

the epididymis becomes the ___ _________ and continues into the spermatic cord

vas deferens

Testes are covered by a dense fibrous tissue called

tunica albuginea

Tunica vaginalis lines the inner walls of the scrotum, consists of _______ and __________ layers

parietal and visceral

Posterior aspect of the tunica albiguinea forms a vertical septum in the testicle known as

mediastinum testis

the bright echo in this image is the

mediastinum testis

what does the ejaculatory duct empty into

urethra

the junction of the seminal vesicles and the ejaculatory duct is called the

verumontanum

Vas deferens, lymphatics, autonomic nerves, fibers of cremaster, and the venous pampiniform plexus form the __________ ___________

spermatic cord

Right and left testicular arteries arise from the aorta below the _________ arteries

renal

Intratesticular arteries follow a ________ _________ waveform

low resistance

capsular arteries become _________ arteries

centripetal

the centripetal arteries form the _________ _______ (centrifugal arteries)

recurrent rami

The cremasteric artery branches from the _________ _______ artery

inferior epigastric

The deferential artery arises from the ________ artery

vesicle

the inferior epigastric artery is a branch off of the ________ ________ artery

external iliac

the vesicle artery is a branch off of the ______ _________ artery

internal iliac

The scrotal wall is supplied by branches of the

pudenal arteryep

the deferential artery mainly supplies the _________ and _____ _______

epididymis and vas deferens

Venous drainage occurs through the

pampiniform plexus

The Right Testicular vein drains directly into the

IVC

the LEFT testicular vein sprouts off of the

left renal vein

____________ and ___________are the two complications associated with trauma.

hydrocele and hematocele

Fluid collection buildup around the testicle

hydrocele

Contains blood buildup

hematocele

90% of testicles can be saved if surgery is done within ___ hours

72

this is an example of a __________ testicle

ruptured

this image shows a

scrotal hematoma

________ occurs when the testicle twists within the scrotal sac, which causes blood flow through the spermatic cord to be cut off

torsion

The testes is not properly secured to the back of the scrotum describes a _____ _______ deformity

bell clapper

people with undescended testes are ___ more likely to have torsion

10x

peak incidence of torsion occurs at what age

14

an infection of the epididymis and testes

epididymo-orchidis