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33 Terms

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Geocentric
A model of the universe with the Earth at the center.
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Heliocentric
A model of the universe with the Sun at the center.
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Hypothesis
A proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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Theory
A well-established explanation supported by evidence.
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Scientific Law
A statement describing a consistent pattern in nature.
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Mars
A planet with water in the form of ice, suggesting it might be visited someday.
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Moon of Saturn
A celestial body that shares characteristics necessary for life.
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Proton
A stable particle with a positive charge.
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Electron
A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
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Neutron
A particle found inside the nucleus that is neutrally charged.
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
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Atomic Weight
The total weight of an atom, taking into account protons and neutrons.
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Isotope
A variant of an atom that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
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Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge.
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Cation
A positively charged ion.
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Anion
A negatively charged ion.
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Ionic Bonding
A chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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Covalent Bonding
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons to create electron pairs.
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Metallic Bonding
A chemical bond formed through the electrostatic forces among metal atoms.
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Mineral
A naturally occurring substance.
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Moh's Scale
A scale used to measure the hardness of minerals.
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Moho
The boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle.
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Mantle
The layer of the Earth composed of silicate rocks, extending from the Moho to the outer core.
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Core
The innermost layer of the Earth, composed mainly of iron and nickel.
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Continental Crust
Thicker, older crust primarily composed of granite.
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Oceanic Crust
Thinner, denser crust primarily composed of basalt.
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Alfred Wegener
A scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift.
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Pangaea
The supercontinent that Wegener suggested existed before continents drifted apart.
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Tectonic Plates
Large slabs of Earth's lithosphere that move and interact at boundaries.
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Plate Boundaries
The edges where two tectonic plates meet.
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Convergent Boundaries
Where tectonic plates move toward each other.
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Divergent Boundaries
Where tectonic plates move away from each other.
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Transform Boundaries
Where tectonic plates slide past each other.