CNS FINAL questions

Demylinating disorders such as MS and GBS affect which glial cells?

a. Schwann and ependymal cells

b. satellite cells and astrocyte

c. astrocyte and oligodendrocyte

d. oligodendrocyte and Schwann cells

d. oligodendrocyte and Schwann cells

Which of these does NOT use Acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter?

a. pre-ganglionic sympathetic

b. post-ganglionic sympathetic

c. pre-ganglionic parasympathetic

d. post-ganglionic parasympathetic

b. post-ganglionic sympathetic

T or F: an oligodendrocyte is a PNS glial cell

false

Which of these is a primary vesicle?

a. metencephalon

b. mesencephalon

c. telencephalon

d. diencephalon

b. mesencephalon

T or F: above the midbrain, anterior is the same as ventral

false

T or F: While the PNS arises from the neural tube, the CNS arises from the neural crest

false

The location of action potential initiation is

a. dendrites

b. nodes of ranvier

c. neuronal soma

d. axon hillock

d. axon hillock

The primary excitatory neurotransmitter is

a. dopamine

b. GABA

c. Serotonin

d. Glutamate

d. Glutamate

Which of these is NOT a white matter fiber type?

a. Associative

b. Commissural

c. Diffusional

d. Projection

c. Diffusional

The ion responsible for depolarization is:

a. K

b. Na

c. Ca

d. Cl

b. Na

The majority of synapses are

a. chemical

b. electrical

a. chemical

the majority of synapses are

a. axosomatic

b. axodendritic

c. axoaxonic

b. axodendritic

What neuroglial cell performs the same function as the schwann cell?

a. ependymal cell

b. oligodendrocyte

c. satellite cell

d. microglia

b. oligodendrocyte

The ion responsible for repolarization

a. Na

b. Cl

c. K

d. Ca

c. Cl

Which of these is NOT a sympathetic function

a. slow the stomach

b. open the lungs

c. constrict the pupils

d. speed up the heart

c. constrict the pupils

The nervous system arises from what embryonic layer

a. endoderm

b. ectoderm

c. philoderm

d. mesoderm

b. ectoderm

T or F: along the motor homunculus, the face and arm are more towards the lateral portion of the cortex

true

Damage to which area might create a broca's aphasis

a. left superior temporal gyrus

b. left pre-central gyrus

c. right post-central gyrus

d. calcarine sulcus

b. left pre-central gyrus

The separation between the temporal lobe and the rest of the brain is the

a. central sulcus

b. calcarine sulcus

c. longitudinal fissure

d. lateral fissure

d. lateral fissure

The telencephalon is derived from which primary vesicle

a. myelencephalon

b. mesencephalon

c. prosencephalon

d. rhombencephalon

c. prosencephalon

A wernicke's aphasia will lead to

a. difficult comprehensible speech

b. complete muteness

c. complete deafness

d. fluent incomprehensible speech

d. fluent incomprehensible speech

Executive function, decision-making, and speech production are all functions of which lobe

a. frontal

b. parietal

c. occipital

d. temporal

a. frontal

A broca's aphasia will lead to

a. difficult comprehensible speech

b. complete deafness

c. fluent incomprehensible speech

d. complete muteness

a. difficult comprehensible speech

In low water environments, the body will release which hormone to correct hydration level

a. ACTH

b. ADH

c. TSH

d. FSH

b. ADH

If the thalamus is a relay center, what is relayed through the VPM

a. visual input

b. auditory input

c. sensory of the body

d. sensory of the face

d. sensory of the face

If the thalamus is a relay center, what is relayed through the VA

a. visual input

b. sensory of the body

c. motor of the body

d. limbic

c. motor of the body

If the thalamus is a relay center, what is relayed through the MGN

a. visual input

b. auditory input

c. sensory of the body

d. sensory of the face

b. auditory input

If the thalamus is a relay center, what is relayed through the LGN

a. visual input

b. auditory input

c. sensory of the body

d. sensory of the face

a. visual input

T or F: while PRL (prolactin) is responsible for let-down of milk, oxytocin is responsible for milk production

false

Oxytocin is responsible for the ______ of milk

release

Prolactin is responsible for

milk production

T or F: the majority of pituitary hormones are made and secreted by the anterior portion

true

Which two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

oxytocin and ADH

FSH and LH stimulate which organs

ovaries and testes

T or F: the posterior pituitary is glandular and the anterior pituitary is neural tissue

false

IF the thalamus is a relay center, what is relayed through the VPL

a. sensory of the body

b. sensory of the face

c. auditory input

d. visual input

a. sensory of the body

The diencephalon contains all structures except

a. epithalamus

b. thalamus

c. hypothalamus

d. primary cortex

d. primary cortex

The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing which hormone through the posterior pituitary

a. oxytocin

b. prolactin

c. thyroid stimulating hormone

d. growth hormone

a. oxytocin

the blink/corneal reflex is a combination of which nerves?

a. II and III

b. VII and IX

c. IX and X

d. V and VII

d. V and VII

The gag reflex is a result of which two nerves

a. V and VII

b. IX and X

c. VII and IX

d. II and III

b. IX and X

Which muscle has unique innervation from the others

a. superior oblique

b. superior rectus

c. inferior oblique

d. inferior rectus

a. superior oblique

Sticking out your tongue would deviate ________ a cranial nerve _______ lesion

toward, XII

Dry eyes and dry mouth could indicate a problem with which nerve

VII

Biting my tongue would predominantly travel via

CN V

CN V is involved with

pain, touch, temperature

Saying "aah" with a drooping uvula would go ______ the side of a ____ lesion

away, X

Which of these cranial nerves is connected to the MGN and the inferior colliculus

VIII

Which of these nerves has pure motor function

a. I

b. II

c. VIII

d. XI

d. XI

Tasting ice cream is done through which nerve

VII

Which nerve tastes bitter foods

IX

Which cranial nerve bypasses the thalamus

I

Parasympathetic fibers include

III, VII, IX, X

Which of the following nerves is not pure sensory

a. I

b. II

c. VIII

d. X

X

What cranial nerve is connected to the LGN and superior colliculus

II

Which portion of the cerebellum stores and pulls motor programs/learning

cerebrocerebellar

The primary fissure separates the anterior lobe from the ________

posterior lobe

Cerebellar injury could result in all of the following except

a. resting tremor

b. dysmetria

c. nystagmus

d. dysdiadocokinesia

a. resting tremor

The cerebellum has ______ peduncles for information transport

3

Which portion of the cerebellum that fine tunes trunk and limb motion

spinocerebellum

Which portion of the cerebellum is related to balance

vestibulocerebellar

Which nucleus (nuclei) are found within the spinocerebellum

a. dentate

b. globose

c. fastigial

d. emboliform

globose, fastigial, emboliform

T or F: the cerebellum has the majority of neurons in the brain

true

T or F: the major output of the cerebellar cortex is the DCN

false

Parkinson's is an _________ activation of the basal ganglia

over

Parkinson's is an overactivation of the basal ganglia which leads to _________

hypokinesia

T or F: the basal ganglia is a braking system, so its activity and net function are inverse

true

Which nucleus (nuclei) are found within the cerebrocerebellum

a. dentate

b. globose

c. fastigial

d. emboliform

dentate

T or F: Bell-Magendie Law states that the anterior spinal cord is sensory while the posterior is motor

false

If a sensory tract decussates which neuron will do so

Second order

The most common stroke occurs in the _____ and is considered ____

MCA, ischemic

Fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioception ae all transmitted via which transmitted via which tract

DCML - Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus

ACA perfuse what body part?

Lower limbs

T or F: the medial meningeal artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery

False

Which tract is pyramidal

corticospinal

The cortical area that controls the foot is perfused by

ACA - Anterior cerebral artery

T or F: the posterior spinal arteries perfuse the bulk of the spinal cord

False

The MCA perfuses what body area

Face and arm

The major output of the cerebellum

DCN - deep cerebellar nucleus

Cerebellar ataxia may be a stroke of which artery

PICA Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

The major output of the cerebellar Cortex

Perkinjie cells

The most common stroke will present with

Contralateral face and arm weakness

What is the most common artery to have stroke

MCA - Middle cerebral artery

Which tract does not decussate in the medulla oblongata

Rubrospinal

The cortical area that controls the arm is perfused by

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

What structure is not considered an UMN?

A. Red nucleus

B. Precentral gyrus

C. Superior colliculis

D. Basal Ganglia

D. Basal Ganglia

Cerebellar ataxia/injury may include all the following except

A. Nystagmus

B. Resting tremor

C. Dysdiadocokinesis

D. Dysmetria

B. Resting Tremor

Which tract is voluntary

Corticospinal

T or F: blood flow out of the brain returns via the external jugular vein

false (internal)

Medial to lateral deep cerebellar nuclei

fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate

Which tract is above T6

Dorsal Column Cuneatus

Which tract is below T6

Gracilis Fasciculus

The sensory tracts 3rd order neuron is the

VPL/thalamus

T or F: the intermediate zone of the cerebellum includes the interposed nuclei and modulates limb motion

true

The lateral portion of the brain is perfused by the ______

MCA

Primary sensory neurons are found in the

DNRG (dorsal nerve root ganglion)

TIAs are different than stroke because

they are short lasting/less severe

T or F: anterior spinal artery provides the majority of spinal cord blood supply

true

Which rexed lamina does motor function

Lamina 9

The lower motor neuron for motor/descending tracts

ventral gray horn

Which tracts are unconscious?

spinocerebellar