bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, intrinsic factors, and extrinsic factors
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what is inflammation?
cellular reaction to the invading organism
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What does inflammation cause?
swelling, fever, pain, tenderness
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bacterial infections are more likely to be what?
chronic
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viral infections resolve BLANK or lead to BLANK
quickly, rapid mortality
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what is the healing process of the bone?
adding new “woven” bone then compacting it into “cortical” bone
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Describe osteomyelitis?
bone destruction, pus formation, then bone repair. The bone becomes enlarged and deformed which results in pitting and irregularity on the surface of the bone
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What is a cavity?
a pus containing abscess that penetrates the bone
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Describe periostitis.
nonspecific swelling of the periosteum due to repeated trauma
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Describe sinusitis.
irregular pitting and new growth in the maxillary sinuses caused by blood borne bacteria from infections that begin in the throat, ear, sinuses, or chest
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Describe tuberculosis.
an infection from a particular bacterium that leaves lesions on ribs and spine. There is one type that passes from cattle to other animals than one from micro bacterium tuberculosis
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Describe leprosy.
An infection caused by the same bacteria as tuberculosis although, transmission is unknown, and it often found in children and men
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Describe treponemal disease.
a infection caused by treponema and the pathological conditions are identical and it only identified by transmission.
Which congenital disease is the most severe abnormality?
anencephaly
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Describe anencephaly.
cranial vaults fail to develop as does the brain
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Describe microcephaly.
a disease caused by genetic and environmental determinants that leads to a significantly smaller skull circumference due to the cranial sutures fusing earlier than average while the face grows larger and leads to severe mental impairment
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Describe hydrocephalus.
“water on the brain”; increase pressure on the brain from cerebrospinal fluid and is fatal by age 35. 25% of the cases are genetic and it caused by either measles or mumps, or tumors and it noticed during the first 6 months of life
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Describe spina bifida.
the most common congenital disease that is seen more often in males and it caused by genetic deficiencies in folic acids (vitamin B12)
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Describe spina bifida cystica.
the most severe form of spina bifida that is often fatal
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What are the three forms of severity of spina bifida?
meningocele, myelomeningocele, and myelocele
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What is meningocele?
protrusion of nerve roots and meninges but the spinal cord remains in canal
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What is myelomeningocele?
added protrusion of the spinal cord
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what is myelocele?
protrusion of both forms but skin and meninges fail to form and lead to infection and death
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Describe achondroplasia.
dwarfism that is recognized, forensically, by skeletal limb proportions and cranial abnormalities
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What is a neoplastic disease?
a disease caused by cancerous lesions
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What does neoplasm mean?
new growth
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what are benign neoplasms?
cancers/tumors that remain at site of origin or spread locally and the symptoms are from the growth itself or stress from surrounding tissue
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Describe Malignant neoplasms.
uncontrolled growth that spreads by bloodstream or lymphatic system and causes metastases (secondary deposits) and the usual result is death
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