Intro to forensic anthropology/infectious, congenital, and neoplastic disease quiz/troy university/ Dataurtas

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40 Terms

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What kind of diseases are the leading causes of death?

degenerative

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What two types of risks change throughout ones life?

mobility and mortality

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Children are vulnerable to what type of infections?

gastrointestinal and respiratory

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What are the four factors that contribute to the reemergence of infections?

poverty, traveling, climate change, pathogen revolution

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What are the causal agents of infections?

bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, intrinsic factors, and extrinsic factors

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what is inflammation?

cellular reaction to the invading organism

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What does inflammation cause?

swelling, fever, pain, tenderness

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bacterial infections are more likely to be what?

chronic

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viral infections resolve BLANK or lead to BLANK

quickly, rapid mortality

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what is the healing process of the bone?

adding new “woven” bone then compacting it into “cortical” bone

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Describe osteomyelitis?

bone destruction, pus formation, then bone repair. The bone becomes enlarged and deformed which results in pitting and irregularity on the surface of the bone

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What is a cavity?

a pus containing abscess that penetrates the bone

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Describe periostitis.

nonspecific swelling of the periosteum due to repeated trauma

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Describe sinusitis.

irregular pitting and new growth in the maxillary sinuses caused by blood borne bacteria from infections that begin in the throat, ear, sinuses, or chest

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Describe tuberculosis.

an infection from a particular bacterium that leaves lesions on ribs and spine. There is one type that passes from cattle to other animals than one from micro bacterium tuberculosis

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Describe leprosy.

An infection caused by the same bacteria as tuberculosis although, transmission is unknown, and it often found in children and men

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Describe treponemal disease.

a infection caused by treponema and the pathological conditions are identical and it only identified by transmission.

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What are some examples of treponemal diseases?

pinta, yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), venereal syphilis

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What is a congenital disease?

diseases that start in the euro and can impact individuals or certain individuals in a family line

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Define apalasia.

total failures of development

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Define hypoplasia.

partial development

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Define hyperplasia.

overdevelopment

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What are the causes of development in congenital diseases?

genetics, environment, and maternal/fatal influences

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What are some examples of environmental factors of congenital diseases.

virus/bacterial infection from mother or exposure to toxic chemicals or radiation

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What are the congenital diseases that occur on the axial skeleton?

anencephaly, microcephaly, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, spina bifida cystica, achondroplasia

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Which congenital disease is the most severe abnormality?

anencephaly

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Describe anencephaly.

cranial vaults fail to develop as does the brain

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Describe microcephaly.

a disease caused by genetic and environmental determinants that leads to a significantly smaller skull circumference due to the cranial sutures fusing earlier than average while the face grows larger and leads to severe mental impairment

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Describe hydrocephalus.

“water on the brain”; increase pressure on the brain from cerebrospinal fluid and is fatal by age 35. 25% of the cases are genetic and it caused by either measles or mumps, or tumors and it noticed during the first 6 months of life

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Describe spina bifida.

the most common congenital disease that is seen more often in males and it caused by genetic deficiencies in folic acids (vitamin B12)

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Describe spina bifida cystica.

the most severe form of spina bifida that is often fatal

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What are the three forms of severity of spina bifida?

meningocele, myelomeningocele, and myelocele

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What is meningocele?

protrusion of nerve roots and meninges but the spinal cord remains in canal

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What is myelomeningocele?

added protrusion of the spinal cord

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what is myelocele?

protrusion of both forms but skin and meninges fail to form and lead to infection and death

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Describe achondroplasia.

dwarfism that is recognized, forensically, by skeletal limb proportions and cranial abnormalities

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What is a neoplastic disease?

a disease caused by cancerous lesions

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What does neoplasm mean?

new growth

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what are benign neoplasms?

cancers/tumors that remain at site of origin or spread locally and the symptoms are from the growth itself or stress from surrounding tissue

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Describe Malignant neoplasms.

uncontrolled growth that spreads by bloodstream or lymphatic system and causes metastases (secondary deposits) and the usual result is death