Electron Orbitals

what are s orbitals?

the spherical orbital and only has 1 per shell, only hold 2 electrons total

what are p orbitals?

the dumbbell shape, has 3 from the 2nd shell up holding 6 total

what are the d orbitals?

has 5 from the 3rd shell up holding 10 total

what are the f orbitals?

has 7 from the 4th shell up holding 14 total

what is an orbital?

regions of space that the electrons are most likely to be in

what do the P orbitals correspond with?

the three dimensions Px, Py, Pz

what is the afbau principle?

electrons enter the lowest energy orbital available

what is hund’s rule?

electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own, only pairing up when no orbitals of the same energy level are available.

why are 3d and 4s an exception to the rule

they are very close in energy levels with 4s slightly lower until filled with electrons. 4s is filled and emptied before 3d

what makes Cr an exception?

it fills 4s^1, 3d^5

what makes Cu an exception?

it fills 4s^1, 3d^10