Chemistry - METALS

Properties of metals

Malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity, high density, high melting and boiling points, shiny, ductile (spread thinly to make sheats)

What happens when metals are placed in acids

dissolve, tiny explosion, flames/smoke, bubble/ fizzing noises, gas formed or nothing

acids and their name of salt - hydrochloride

chloride

acid and name of salt - sulfuric

sulfate

acid and name of salt - nitric

nitrate

properties of non-metals

low boiling point, dull, heat and electric insulators, low density, brittle (breaks easily)

What is oxidation?

oxidation is when substances react with oxygen

examples of oxidation

combustion and rusting

ways to prevent rusting

galvanizing, painting and sacrificial protection

What is galvanizing?

coating the iron with zinc to stop rusting

What is sacrificial protection?

a more reactive metal corrodes instead of iron

What is tarnish?

Tarnish is the loss of color because of reaction with oxygen

Equation for metals in water

Alkali metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen

How does lithium react in water?

fizzing and smoke, pop sound and moves around

How does sodium react in water?

fizzes, moves around, changes to a ball and produces gas

How does potassium react with water?

moves around vigorously, produces gas, makes a spark and lilac flame

What is a displacement reaction?

A reaction where a less reactive metal is removed by a more reactive metal

What is thermite?

It is a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum that when lit produces a strong reaction

What is an ore?

An ore is a rock that contains minerals and has certain amounts of metal oxides that can be extracted to be a pure metal.

how to extract metals that are above carbon?

electrolysis

how to extract metals that are below carbon?

smelting carbon - carbon is used to get rid of oxygen to leave metal

How to extract silver gold and platinum

panning for gold because they are pure metals

What is electrolysis used for?

electrolysis is used to extract VERY REACTIVE METALS from their ores

process of electrolysis

1. metal oxide

2. Heat it till it turns liquid

3. Pass electricity through the liquid

4. splints into elements (compounds → elements)