CONTEMPO MIDTERMS Chap 3

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40 Terms

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Global South

This refers to regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania that are generally less economically developed. It represents an evolving political, economic, and cultural identity within the global order.

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Latin America, Asia, Africa, Oceania

Regions of the Global South

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Colonialism, Inequality, Marginalization

Histories shared by the Global South

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Economic, Political, Cultural

Concepts/Dimensions of Global South

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Economic Dimension

Comprises low-income and middle-income countries; often dependent on the North for capital, technology, and markets.

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Political Dimension

Pursues collective action and solidarity against dominance by the Global North.

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Cultural Dimension

Shares postcolonial experiences, hybrid cultures, and common struggles for representation.

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Economically Disadvantaged Nations, Deterritorialized Geography, Transnational Resistance

Three main concepts of the global south

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economic difficulties

Developing countries experienced this under IMF and World Bank programs during the 1980s.

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Source of resistance movements

What the Global South became, inspiring ideas of global and climate justice

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Gandhian Nonviolence

This became a global protest culture influencing later social movements.

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Solidarity, Justice, and Collective Struggle

What the Global South stands for today

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Regionalism

Political or economic decentralization; the delegation of power from a central to a regional authority.

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Regionalization

The process by which regions emerge as significant political, economic, and cultural units.

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Asia

Here, globalization is seen as an external process influenced by Western powers but also as an opportunity for growth.

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External Process

This is how globalization is seen in Asia

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Region-making

This involves state and non-state actors who shape regional networks, creating a hybrid East Asia.

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East Asian Regionalism

results from transnational economic interactions and governmental cooperation.

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ASEAN

Plays a central role in fostering political and economic collaboration among Southeast Asian states.

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Association of South East Asian Nations

Meaning of ASEAN

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1950s to 1970s

First Wave of Regional Economic Development

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First Wave

Japan’s postwar growth and emergence of a middle class.

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1960s to 1980s

Second Wave of Regional Economic Development

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Second Wave

Rise of newly industrializing economies (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore).

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Post-1980s

Third Wave of Regional Economic Development

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Third Wave

China and Southeast Asia’s expanding consumer markets and middle classes.

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Industrialization, State Intervention, and Foreign Investment

Drove the formation of the middle class in east and southeast Asia

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Japan, Korea, Taiwan

Countries that followed developmental0state models

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1986 People Power Revolution

When the middle class in the Philippines emerged

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Trade, Real Estate, Banking, Services

Concentrated sectors of middle class in the Philippines

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Remittances and Regional Economic Ties

Method of expanding the middle class in the Philippines

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Thaliand

Country that iscoherent and politically influential middle class.

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Malaysia and Indonesia

Countries that are divided and dependent on state patronage.

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Philippines

Country that is culturally visible middle class but politically inconsistent.

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Developing World

Other name of Global South

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Globalization

an external phenomenon being pushed into the region by world powers particularly the United States and Europe.

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Japan

Country that embarked on procuring raw materials like coal and iron at unprecedented economies of scale allowing them to gain a competitive edge in the global manufacturing market as well as globalized shipping and procurement patterns which other countries modeled.

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India

Country that opened -up and emphasized an export oriented strategy. Textiles and other low wage sectors have been a key part of the economy with highly successful software development exports.

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China

Country that pursues similar pattern of development at present and is now the world's largest importers of basic raw materials such as iron and surpassed Japan, the US and Europe in steel production.

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India and China

Countries that have also become a major source of international migrant labor, which is also one of the fundamental characteristics of the era of globalization.