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Global South
This refers to regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania that are generally less economically developed. It represents an evolving political, economic, and cultural identity within the global order.
Latin America, Asia, Africa, Oceania
Regions of the Global South
Colonialism, Inequality, Marginalization
Histories shared by the Global South
Economic, Political, Cultural
Concepts/Dimensions of Global South
Economic Dimension
Comprises low-income and middle-income countries; often dependent on the North for capital, technology, and markets.
Political Dimension
Pursues collective action and solidarity against dominance by the Global North.
Cultural Dimension
Shares postcolonial experiences, hybrid cultures, and common struggles for representation.
Economically Disadvantaged Nations, Deterritorialized Geography, Transnational Resistance
Three main concepts of the global south
economic difficulties
Developing countries experienced this under IMF and World Bank programs during the 1980s.
Source of resistance movements
What the Global South became, inspiring ideas of global and climate justice
Gandhian Nonviolence
This became a global protest culture influencing later social movements.
Solidarity, Justice, and Collective Struggle
What the Global South stands for today
Regionalism
Political or economic decentralization; the delegation of power from a central to a regional authority.
Regionalization
The process by which regions emerge as significant political, economic, and cultural units.
Asia
Here, globalization is seen as an external process influenced by Western powers but also as an opportunity for growth.
External Process
This is how globalization is seen in Asia
Region-making
This involves state and non-state actors who shape regional networks, creating a hybrid East Asia.
East Asian Regionalism
results from transnational economic interactions and governmental cooperation.
ASEAN
Plays a central role in fostering political and economic collaboration among Southeast Asian states.
Association of South East Asian Nations
Meaning of ASEAN
1950s to 1970s
First Wave of Regional Economic Development
First Wave
Japan’s postwar growth and emergence of a middle class.
1960s to 1980s
Second Wave of Regional Economic Development
Second Wave
Rise of newly industrializing economies (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore).
Post-1980s
Third Wave of Regional Economic Development
Third Wave
China and Southeast Asia’s expanding consumer markets and middle classes.
Industrialization, State Intervention, and Foreign Investment
Drove the formation of the middle class in east and southeast Asia
Japan, Korea, Taiwan
Countries that followed developmental0state models
1986 People Power Revolution
When the middle class in the Philippines emerged
Trade, Real Estate, Banking, Services
Concentrated sectors of middle class in the Philippines
Remittances and Regional Economic Ties
Method of expanding the middle class in the Philippines
Thaliand
Country that iscoherent and politically influential middle class.
Malaysia and Indonesia
Countries that are divided and dependent on state patronage.
Philippines
Country that is culturally visible middle class but politically inconsistent.
Developing World
Other name of Global South
Globalization
an external phenomenon being pushed into the region by world powers particularly the United States and Europe.
Japan
Country that embarked on procuring raw materials like coal and iron at unprecedented economies of scale allowing them to gain a competitive edge in the global manufacturing market as well as globalized shipping and procurement patterns which other countries modeled.
India
Country that opened -up and emphasized an export oriented strategy. Textiles and other low wage sectors have been a key part of the economy with highly successful software development exports.
China
Country that pursues similar pattern of development at present and is now the world's largest importers of basic raw materials such as iron and surpassed Japan, the US and Europe in steel production.
India and China
Countries that have also become a major source of international migrant labor, which is also one of the fundamental characteristics of the era of globalization.