Vaccines

Shingrix

Prevents shingles

Who is susceptible:

• 50 years or older, HIV/AIDS, cancer/chemotherapy, and immunosuppressive medications

Why is it important to get vaccinated: 90% effective at preventing shingles and building long-lasting immunity

Who is the vaccine recommended for:

• Adults: 50 years+ - 2 doses (2-6 months apart)

• Adults: 18 years+ - 2 doses (1-2 months apart)

Contraindications:

• People allergic to any part of the vaccine

• People currently infected with shingles

• People currently pregnant

SE: Pain, redness, swelling, fever, fatigue, HA, shivering, stomach pain

Storage requirements:

Before reconstitution

• Refrigerate between 2-8 degrees C away from light

After reconstitution

• Administer immediately or store at 2-8 degrees C for up to 6 hours

• DO NOT FREEZE

Interesting facts:

• Shingrix can also help prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia

Fluzone

Treats Influenza A and B

Prepared from the influenza virus grown in a chicken egg

People 65 and older are more susceptible to influenza

SE: Discomfort, muscle ache, HA, pain at the injection sight

Risks: Allergic reaction

Recommendations:

• Get fluzone vaccine every season

• Children 6 months - 8 years old may need 2 doses

• High dose fluzone is only approved for adults 65 years and older

• High dose fluzone is an acceptable vaccine for people 18-64 years olde that has a solid organ transplant and are taking immunosuppressive medications

• Children younger than 6 months should not take the vaccine

Storage Requirements: Store all fluzone vaccines in refrigerator at 2-8 degrees celsius (35-46 degrees fahrenheit) DO NOT FREEZE

Interesting facts:

• The fluzone high dose is the first and only approved vaccine to prevent the flu for ages 65 and older

Prevnar/ Pnuemovax

Prevents Pneumonia

Who is most susceptible:

• Immunocompromised

• Adults 65+

Why do you need it:

• Protects against pneumococcal infections

• Can lead to death

• If healthy and between 18-49, skippable

Who should get the vaccine:

Pneumovax-23:

• Recommended for individuals at high risk pneumococcal disease

• Recommended for immunocompromised or adults younger than 50

• Typically one dose is administered

• IM or SC dose

Prevnar-13:

• Recommended for adults who haven’t previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

• Recommended for high risk adults 19-49 years old and any adult younger than 50

• Typically one dose is administered

• IM dose

• More for children

Contraindications:

• Children younger than 2

• People with allergies to the vaccine

• Patients with weakened immune system

SE/Risks:

• Swelling, pain at injection site, fever/chills, loss of appetite, HA, muscle aches, joint pain, irritability, fatigue, anaphylaxis

Gardasil

Prevents Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Why is it important: Because it can prevent over 90% of HPV cancers

Recommendation: Ages 11-27

Not recommended for ages over 27 because the chances that they had already been exposed to HPV are high

SE: Fainting, pain, HA, fever, and a lump at injection site

Storage requirements: 2-8 degrees C, DO NOT FREEZE

Bexsero

Prevents Meningitis B

Why should people get the vaccine: Used to protect individuals from age of 2 months against invasive meningococcal disease

Who is it recommended for:

• Age range is 2 months-25 years old

• Recommended for people with long-term health conditions

• Can be completed with 2-3 doses within a 6 month period

  Contraindications:

  • Individuals who have an allergic reaction to the vaccine

  • People allergic to latex

  SE: Pain, redness, swelling, fatigue, HA, nausea, muscle pain

  Storage requirements:

  • 2-8 degrees C

  • DO NOT FREEZE

  • Mark “Do not use” if vaccine has been stored in inappropriate conditions

Arexvy

Prevents Lower respiratory tract disease and Respiratory Syncytral virus (RSV)

Who’s most susceptible:

• Premature infants, older adults, anyone with heart and lung disease, or anyone with a weakened immune system

Importance: It is important to get vaccinated for prevention of lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV

Recommendation:

• Arexvy is recommended for individuals 65+ and who are at risk for LRID

• Patients receive a single dose

• IM injection

  Contraindications:

  • Prior anaphylaxis reactions

  • History of serious allergic reactions to any ingredients in the vaccine

  SE: Bleeding, blistering, burning, coldness/discoloration of skin, feeling of pressure, hives, difficulty moving, HA, joint pain, muscle aches, swollen joints

Storage requirements:

• Store in refrigerator between 2-8 degrees C

• Room temperature up to 25 degrees C (must use within 4 hours)

Interesting facts:

• Vaccine is manufactured in Belgium

Adacel and Boostrix

Prevents tetanus, diptheria, pertussis

Who is most susceptible:

Tetanus:

• People with recent wounds or ill-equipped immune systems

Diptheria:

• Children, elderly, unvaccinated, and those living in unsanitary conditions

Pertussis:

• Children who haven’t completed the full course of vaccinations and adults and teenagers who lost immunity

  Why is the vaccine important: These diseases can be deadly to certain age groups, mostly infants and older people, so making sure that as many people are vaccinated as possible is very important for protection

  Adacel:

  • Approved for use in people ages 10-64

  • Injected IM, 0.5ml injections

  Boostrix:

  • Approved for use in 10+, really beneficial for those over 65

Both shots are used almost exclusively as boosters. The first dose is 5 years after the initial shot, and then the second one is given 8 years after that. The only time it is given as the first dose is in adults who never get immunized at a young age.

Contraindications:

• Anyone who has a severe allergy to any component of the vaccines

• Those who experienced encephalopathy within 7 days of administration of previous pertussis antigen containing vaccine

• People who get an arthus hypersensitivity reaction following a past dose of tetanus toxoid containing vaccine unless 10 years have past

1st dose SE: Injection site pain, HA, body aches, muscle weakness, fatigue, swelling at injection site, injection site erythma

2nd dose SE: Myalgia, malaisa, fainting, sore or swollen joints

Storage requirements:

• 2-8 degrees C

• DO NOT FREEZE

• If frozen, do not use

• If after expiration date, do not use

Spikevax ( Moderna)

( COVID 19 Vaccine )

This vaccine serves for active immunization to prevent coronavirus caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Side Effects: fatigue, HA, myalgia, chills, N?V, swelling at the injection site, pressure within the chest

Storage Requirements: store frozen between -50 degrees C to -15 degrees C ( -58 degrees F to 5 degrees F )

After thawing the product it must be refrigerated between 2 degrees C to 8 degrees C for up to 60 days

Do NOT refreeze after thawed

Spikevax is a vaccine to prevent the coronavirus disease ( infectious disease)

Caused by the SARS-COV 2 Virus. Many people infected with the disease will experience mild to moderate respiratory illnesses and can recover without special treatment.

Susceptibility : people with severe allergic reactions toi any vaccine, those at risk of myocarditis, and people with autoimmune disorders.

• the elderly, pregnant people, and immunosuppressed individuals benefit the most.

  Spikevax is recommended for those 12 years and older and is administered as a two dose series, 1 month apart, a third series may be administered another month after the second dose was taken.

  Contradindications do not administer to individuals with a history of anaphylaxis or if they are pregnant and breastfeeding.

• Intramuscular Injection

Td

Treats: Tetanus and Diphtheria

Tetanus: bacterial infection that enters the body through a cut or wound

• tetanus infections cause severe painful muscle stiffness throughout the entire body and can eventually lead to death

Diphtheria: a contagious bacterial disease that creates a thick coating in the throat that blocks breathing

• can cause heart failure, paralysis, and death

TD Vaccine: a shot that protects against tetanus and diphtheria

• newborns and pregnant women who haven’t received the vaccine are more susceptible to both diseases

Storage Requirements: refridgerate between 2 degrees C and 8 degrees C ( 36 degrees F and 46 degrees F )

TD is for children 7 years and older adolescents and adults. It is usually given as a booster every 10 years or after 5 years in case of a severe dirty wound.

Side Effects : pain, site of redness or swelling, mild fever, HA, fatigue , N/V, diarrhea, or a stomach ache

DO NOT get the vaccine if there is a history of allergic reactions to vaccines, if you have guillain- barre syndrome - a rare autoimmune condition that causes muscle weakness, or pain and side effects from a previous Td vaccine.

Smallpox Vaccine

• the smallpox vaccine prevents the variola virus

Symptoms may include

• high fever

• HA

• a rash that may become blisters

• vomiting

• diarrhea

• malaise

those who are immunocompromised, have a weakened immune system, have a skin condition, are pregnant, or have allergic reactions to most vaccines should not get the vaccine.

Most susceptible are those immunocompromised, elderly, and those within low-income communities because they usually didn’t have good sanitation or lived in an overcrowded community.

• getting the smallpox vaccine is important because it has since been eradicated by the WHO in 1980 meaning that the vaccine was able to ride of most or all of the disease.

• the vaccine is reccommended to the general public

Storage Requirments: the vaccine should be stored at 2 degrees C to 8 degrees C, and should be kept away from light.

Side Effects may include scarring, swelling and injection site pain, swelling of the heart tissue,anaphylaxis, or swelling of the brain.

Rotateq / Rotarix

• caused by a virus that spreads through physical contact, surfaces, and foods.

There are 9 species of rotavirus

• most common : rotavirus A

• causes more than 9% of infections

most susceptible : babies and children under five

symptoms of rotavirus

• severe diarrhea

• vomiting

• fever

• abdominal pain]

• dehyrdation

Side Effects include:

• mild fussiness, irratiblity, diarrhea, vomiting, allergic reactions, or a small risk of intussusception ( 1-5 cases per 100,000 vaccinations )

Storage Requirements: store at 2 degrees C to 8 degrees C ( DO NOT FREEZE)

Rotavirus is a highly contagious and the leading caused a severe diarrhea / dehydration in young children worldwide

352,000 to 592,000 deaths in children less than 5 years of age

Those who should not get the vaccine

• infants w/ a history of bowel obstruction

• those with a weakened immune system

• moderately / severely i’ll infants

Recommended For:

Rotateq: 1st dose at 6 - 12 weeks of age w/ 2 more doses given at 4-10 week intervals

Rotarix: 2 doses at 2 and 4 months of age

Final Doses: taken at 8 months