EDUC 202 Exceptional Learners

Intelligence

The ability to reason deductively or inductively, think abstractly, use analogies, synthesize information, and apply it to new domains

General Intelligence composed of

Fluid Intelligence

Crystalized intelligence

Fluid intelligence

Flexibility in thinking/working memory; is independent of learning, experience, and education; this peaks around the ages of 16-20

Crystalized intelligence

Accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills; this usually increases over time

IQ

intelligence quotient

Average score 100

Common Individual Intelligence tests

Weschler (WISCV)

Stanford-Binet

(Both norm referenced tests)

Gardner's Intelligence Theory 9 Intelligences

Verbal-Linguistic

Visual-Spatial

Mathematical-Logical

Musical-Rhythmic

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Naturalist

Existential/Spiritual

Creativity

Intentional invention. Something that can be learned if it is nurtured/fostered/practiced. It requires divergent thinking, and eventually convergent thinking.

Fluency

thinking of many possibilities

Flexibility

Thinking across multiple categories

Originality

Thinking in a unique way

Labeling

Identifying the student for special education services and assigning one of the 13 eligibility categories under the IDEIA

Impairment

Abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical function; the condition itself

disability

The limitation that results from the impairment

Handicap

a situational disadvantage or difficulty due to the impairment that limits or prevents fulfillment that is imposed upon the individual by circumstances or the environment

RTI

Response to Intervention

Process used to avoid the "wait to fail" approach used in the past

Used before students fail to determine whether a student's performance is related to a disability or can be attributed to other factors like peer pressure, lack of knowledge, poor home life, etc.

Tier 1 RTI

Universal instruction using evidence-based effective practices

Good Teaching

80% of students

Tier 2 RTI

Targeted intervention

Small Group Instruction of 3-5 students

10-15%

Tier 3 RTI

Intensive interventions

Even more practice/interventions

Even small groups 1 on 1 or 2

5%

PL-94142

IDEA 1990

IDEIA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 2004

LRE

Least Restrictive Environment

As close to the general eudcation setting as possible

Restructuring the education setting for the purposes of inclusion

IEP

Individualized education plan/program

PLOP

Present level of performance

Protections under IDEIA

Confidentiality, right to see records and tests, explanations of individual evaluation, parents can bring advocate or representative with them, notice of any changes during IEP timeframe

504 Plan

Governed by civil rights law

K-12 College and beyond

Outlines regular Classroom accomodations

More broadly defined

Easier to obtain

Specific learning disabilities

Do not typically have lower intelligence

Not all alike

Can excel in one area and have difficulties in another

May appear unmotivated and like they don't care

Attention Disorders

May be characterized as having hyperactivity

Have trouble switching tasks

Speech or Language Impairments

Speech or language impairments can include speech disorders: fluency, articulations or voicing, as well as language disorders

2nd largest group served by special education

ESL Students do not fall into this category

Emotional Disturbances and Behavioral Disorders

Students have a higher rate of being arrested and are less likely to keep a job

Students who are unengaged in school and have poor teacher-student relationships are more likely to engage in risky behavior, such as drug use

ABA

Applied Behavior Analysis

What was the prior term used for Intellectual Disabilities?

Mental Retardation

How is Intellectual Disability defined in terms of IQ score?

Scoring lower than 70 on the IQ test

What are some characteristics of Intellectual Disabilities related to adaptive behavior?

Difficulties with dressing, caring for oneself, independent living, and social functioning

Another word for students with autism

"pervasive developmental disorder"