CCNA final exam

1. Which two traffic types use the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)? (Choose two.)

• video

• web

• file transfer

• voice

• peer to peer

video & voice

2. Which wireless technology has low-power and data rate requirements making it popular in home automation applications?

• ZigBee

• LoRaWAN

• 5G

• Wi-Fi

zigbee
Explanation: ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard designed for creating personal-area networks. Low energy, power, and data rate requirements make Zigbee a popular protocol for connecting home automation devices.

3. Which layer of the TCP/IP model provides a route to forward messages through an internetwork?

• application

• network access

• internet

• transport

internet
Explain:

The OSI model network layer corresponds directly to the internet layer of the TCP/IP model and is used to describe protocols that address and route messages through an internetwork.

4. Which type of server relies on record types such as A, NS, AAAA, and MX in order to provide services?

DNS

email

file

web

DNS
Explain:
A DNS server stores records that are used to resolve IP addresses to host names. Some DNS record types include the following:

A – an end device IPv4 address
NS – an authoritative name server
AAAA – an end device IPv6 address
MX – a mail exchange record

5. What are proprietary protocols?

• protocols developed by private organizations to operate on any vendor hardware

• protocols that can be freely used by any organization or vendor

• protocols developed by organizations who have control over their definition and operation

• a collection of protocols known as the TCP/IP protocol suite

• protocols developed by organizations who have control over their definition and operation

Explain:
Proprietary protocols have their definition and operation controlled by one company or vendor. Some of them can be used by different organizations with permission from the owner. The TCP/IP protocol suite is an open standard, not a proprietary protocol.

6. What service is provided by DNS?

• Resolves domain names, such as cisco.com, into IP addresses.

• A basic set of rules for exchanging text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the web.

• Allows for data transfers between a client and a file server.

• Uses encryption to secure the exchange of text, graphic images, sound, and video on the web.

• Resolves domain names, such as cisco.com, into IP addresses.

7. A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 110. What service is the client requesting?

• DNS

• DHCP

• SMTP

• POP3

pop3

8. What command can be used on a Windows PC to see the IP configuration of that computer?

• show ip interface brief

• ping

• show interfaces

• ipconfig

ipconfig

9. A wired laser printer is attached to a home computer. That printer has been shared so that other computers on the home network can also use the printer. What networking model is in use?

• client-based

• master-slave

• point-to-point

• peer-to-peer (P2P)

• peer-to-peer (P2P)

Explanation: Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have two or more network devices that can share resources such as printers or files without having a dedicated server.

10. What characteristic describes a virus?

• a network device that filters access and traffic coming into a network

• the use of stolen credentials to access private data

• an attack that slows or crashes a device or network service

• malicious software or code running on an end device

• malicious software or code running on an end device

11. Three bank employees are using the corporate network. The first employee uses a web browser to view a company web page in order to read some announcements. The second employee accesses the corporate database to perform some financial transactions. The third employee participates in an important live audio conference with other corporate managers in branch offices. If QoS is implemented on this network, what will be the priorities from highest to lowest of the different data types?

• financial transactions, web page, audio conference

• audio conference, financial transactions, web page

• financial transactions, audio conference, web page

• audio conference, web page, financial transactions

• audio conference, financial transactions, web page

• Explanation: QoS mechanisms enable the establishment of queue management strategies that enforce priorities for different categories of application data. Thus, this queuing enables voice data to have priority over transaction data, which has priority over web data.

12.Match the description to the IPv6 addressing component. (Not all options are used.)

13. Refer to the exhibit. If Host1 were to transfer a file to the server, what layers of the TCP/IP model would be used?

• only application and Internet layers

• only Internet and network access layers

• only application, Internet, and network access layers

• application, transport, Internet, and network access layers

• only application, transport, network, data link, and physical layers

• application, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers

• application, transport, Internet, and network access layers

• Explanation: The TCP/IP model contains the application, transport, internet, and network access layers. A file transfer uses the FTP application layer protocol. The data would move from the application layer through all of the layers of the model and across the network to the file server.

Explanation: A store-and-forward switch always stores the entire frame before forwarding, and checks its CRC and frame length. A cut-through switch can forward frames before receiving the destination address field, thus presenting less latency than a store-and-forward switch. Because the frame can begin to be forwarded before it is completely received, the switch may transmit a corrupt or runt frame. All forwarding methods require a Layer 2 switch to forward broadcast frames.

15. Refer to the exhibit. The IP address of which device interface should be used as the default gateway setting of host H1?

• R1: S0/0/0

• R2: S0/0/1

• R1: G0/0

• R2: S0/0/0

• R1: G0/0

Explanation: The default gateway for host H1 is the router interface that is attached to the LAN that H1 is a member of. In this case, that is the G0/0 interface of R1. H1 should be configured with the IP address of that interface in its addressing settings. R1 will provide routing services to packets from H1 that need to be forwarded to remote networks.

16. What service is provided by Internet Messenger?

• An application that allows real-time chatting among remote users.

• Allows remote access to network devices and servers.

• Resolves domain names, such as cisco.com, into IP addresses.

• Uses encryption to provide secure remote access to network devices and servers

• An application that allows real-time chatting among remote users.

17. Refer to the exhibit. Match the network with the correct IP address and prefix that will satisfy the usable host addressing requirements for each network.

Explanation: Network A needs to use 192.168.0.128 /25, which yields 128 host addresses.
Network B needs to use 192.168.0.0 /26, which yields 64 host addresses.
Network C needs to use 192.168.0.96 /27, which yields 32 host addresses.
Network D needs to use 192.168.0.80/30, which yields 4 host addresses.

18. Refer to the exhibit. Which protocol was responsible for building the table that is shown?

• DHCP

• ARP

• DNS

• ICMP

ARP
Explanation: The table that is shown corresponds to the output of the arp -a command, a command that is used on a Windows PC to display the ARP table

19. A network administrator notices that some newly installed Ethernet cabling is carrying corrupt and distorted data signals. The new cabling was installed in the ceiling close to fluorescent lights and electrical equipment. Which two factors may interfere with the copper cabling and result in signal distortion and data corruption? (Choose two.)

• crosstalk

• extended length of cabling

• RFI​

• EMI

• signal attenuation

• RFI​

• EMI

20. A host is trying to send a packet to a device on a remote LAN segment, but there are currently no mappings in its ARP cache. How will the device obtain a destination MAC address?
(A host is trying to send a packet to a device on a remote LAN segment, but there are currently no mappings in the ARP cache. How will the device obtain a destination MAC address?)

• It will send the frame and use its own MAC address as the destination.

• It will send an ARP request for the MAC address of the destination device.

• It will send the frame with a broadcast MAC address.

• It will send a request to the DNS server for the destination MAC address.

• It will send an ARP request for the MAC address of the default gateway.

• It will send an ARP request for the MAC address of the default gateway.

22. A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 53. What service is the client requesting?

• DNS

• NetBIOS (NetBT)

• POP3

• IMAP

• DNS

22. A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 53. What service is the client requesting?

• DNS

• NetBIOS (NetBT)

• POP3

• IMAP

DNS

23. A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 25 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?

• 255.255.255.128

• 255.255.255.192

• 255.255.255.224

• 255.255.255.240

• 255.255.255.224

24. What characteristic describes a Trojan horse?

• malicious software or code running on an end device

• an attack that slows or crashes a device or network service

• the use of stolen credentials to access private data

• a network device that filters access and traffic coming into a network

• malicious software or code running on an end device

25. What service is provided by HTTPS?

• Uses encryption to provide secure remote access to network devices and servers.

• Resolves domain names, such as cisco.com, into IP addresses.

• Uses encryption to secure the exchange of text, graphic images, sound, and video on the web.

• Allows remote access to network devices and servers.

• Uses encryption to secure the exchange of text, graphic images, sound, and video on the web.

26. A technician with a PC is using multiple applications while connected to the Internet. How is the PC able to keep track of the data flow between multiple application sessions and have each application receive the correct packet flows?

• The data flow is being tracked based on the destination MAC address of the technician PC.

• The data flow is being tracked based on the source port number that is used by each application.

• The data flow is being tracked based on the source IP address that is used by the PC of the technician.

• The data flow is being tracked based on the destination IP address that is used by the PC of the technician.

• The data flow is being tracked based on the source port number that is used by each application.

Explanation:
The source port number of an application is randomly generated and used to individually keep track of each session connecting out to the Internet. Each application will use a unique source port number to provide simultaneous communication from multiple applications through the Internet.

27. A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 61 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?

• 255.255.255.240

• 255.255.255.224

• 255.255.255.192

• 255.255.255.128

• 255.255.255.192

Explanation:
Network A needs to use 192.168.0.0 /25 which yields 128 host addresses.
Network B needs to use 192.168.0.128 /26 which yields 64 host addresses.
Network C needs to use 192.168.0.192 /27 which yields 32 host addresses.
Network D needs to use 192.168.0.224 /30 which yields 4 host addresses.

29. What characteristic describes a DoS attack?

• the use of stolen credentials to access private data

• a network device that filters access and traffic coming into a network

• software that is installed on a user device and collects information about the user

• an attack that slows or crashes a device or network service

• an attack that slows or crashes a device or network service

30. Match the application protocols to the correct transport protocols with TCP and UDP

31. What service is provided by SMTP?

• Allows clients to send email to a mail server and the servers to send email to other servers.

• Allows remote access to network devices and servers.

• Uses encryption to provide secure remote access to network devices and servers.

• An application that allows real-time chatting among remote users.

• Allows clients to send email to a mail server and the servers to send email to other servers.

32. Which scenario describes a function provided by the transport layer?

• A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.

• A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.

• A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.

• A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.

• A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.

33.Refer to the exhibit. Host B on subnet Teachers transmits a packet to host D on subnet Students. Which Layer 2 and Layer 3 addresses are contained in the PDUs that are transmitted from host B to the router?

Layer 2 destination address = 00-00-0c-94-36-ab
Layer 2 source address = 00-00-0c-94-36-bb
Layer 3 destination address = 172.16.20.200
Layer 3 source address = 172.16.10.200

Layer 2 destination address = 00-00-0c-94-36-dd
Layer 2 source address = 00-00-0c-94-36-bb
Layer 3 destination address = 172.16.20.200
Layer 3 source address = 172.16.10.200

Layer 2 destination address = 00-00-0c-94-36-cd
Layer 2 source address = 00-00-0c-94-36-bb
Layer 3 destination address = 172.16.20.99
Layer 3 source address = 172.16.10.200

Layer 2 destination address = 00-00-0c-94-36-ab
Layer 2 source address = 00-00-0c-94-36-bb
Layer 3 destination address = 172.16.20.200
Layer 3 source address = 172.16.100.200

Layer 2 destination address = 00-00-0c-94-36-ab
Layer 2 source address = 00-00-0c-94-36-bb
Layer 3 destination address = 172.16.20.200
Layer 3 source address = 172.16.10.200

34. What does the term “attenuation” mean in data communication?

• strengthening of a signal by a networking device

• leakage of signals from one cable pair to another

• time for a signal to reach its destination

• loss of signal strength as distance increases

• loss of signal strength as distance increases

Explanation: Data is transmitted on copper cables as electrical pulses. A detector in the network interface of a destination device must receive a signal that can be successfully decoded to match the signal sent. However, the farther the signal travels, the more it deteriorates. This is referred to as signal attenuation

35. Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is trying to configure the switch but receives the error message that is displayed in the exhibit. What is the problem?

• The entire command, configure terminal, must be used.

• The administrator is already in global configuration mode.

• The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the command.

• The administrator must connect via the console port to access global configuration mode.

• The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the command.

36. Which two protocols operate at the top layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose two.)

• TCP

• IP

• UDP

• POP

• DNS

• Ethernet

POP
DNS

37. A company has a file server that shares a folder named Public. The network security policy specifies that the Public folder is assigned Read-Only rights to anyone who can log into the server while the Edit rights are assigned only to the network admin group. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework?

• automation

• accounting

• authentication

• authorization

authorization
After a user is successfully authenticated (logged into the server), the authorization is the process of determining what network resources the user can access and what operations (such as read or edit) the user can perform.

38. What three requirements are defined by the protocols used in network communcations to allow message transmission across a network? (Choose three.)

• message size

• message encoding

• connector specifications

• media selection

• delivery options

• end-device installation

• message size

• message encoding

• delivery options

39. What are two characteristics of IP? (Choose two.)

• does not require a dedicated end-to-end connection

• operates independently of the network media

• retransmits packets if errors occur

• re-assembles out of order packets into the correct order at the receiver end

• guarantees delivery of packets

39. What are two characteristics of IP? (Choose two.)

• does not require a dedicated end-to-end connection

• operates independently of the network media

• retransmits packets if errors occur

• re-assembles out of order packets into the correct order at the receiver end

• guarantees delivery of packets

Explain:
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a connectionless, best effort protocol. This means that IP requires no end-to-end connection nor does it guarantee delivery of packets. IP is also media independent, which means it operates independently of the network media carrying the packets.

40. An employee of a large corporation remotely logs into the company using the appropriate username and password. The employee is attending an important video conference with a customer concerning a large sale. It is important for the video quality to be excellent during the meeting. The employee is unaware that after a successful login, the connection to the company ISP failed. The secondary connection, however, activated within seconds. The disruption was not noticed by the employee or other employees.
What three network characteristics are described in this scenario? (Choose three.)

• security

• quality of service

• scalability

• powerline networking

• integrity

• fault tolerance

• security

• quality of service

• scalability

• powerline networking

• integrity

• fault tolerance

Explanation: Usernames and passwords relate to network security. Good quality video, to support video conferencing, relates to prioritizing the video traffic with quality of service (QoS). The fact that a connection to an ISP failed and was then restored but went unnoticed by employees relates to the fault tolerant design of the network.

41. What are two common causes of signal degradation when using UTP cabling? (Choose two.)

• improper termination

• low-quality shielding in cable

• installing cables in conduit

• low-quality cable or connectors

• loss of light over long distances

• improper termination

• low-quality shielding in cable

• installing cables in conduit

• low-quality cable or connectors

• loss of light over long distances

Explanation: When terminated improperly, each cable is a potential source of physical layer performance degradation.

42. Which subnet would include the address 192.168.1.96 as a usable host address?

• 192.168.1.64/26

• 192.168.1.32/27

• 192.168.1.32/28

• 192.168.1.64/29

42. Which subnet would include the address 192.168.1.96 as a usable host address?

• 192.168.1.64/26

• 192.168.1.32/27

• 192.168.1.32/28

• 192.168.1.64/29

Explanation: For the subnet of 192.168.1.64/26, there are 6 bits for host addresses, yielding 64 possible addresses. However, the first and last subnets are the network and broadcast addresses for this subnet. Therefore, the range of host addresses for this subnet is 192.168.1.65 to 192.168.1.126. The other subnets do not contain the address 192.168.1.96 as a valid host address.

43. Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the output, which two statements about network connectivity are correct? (Choose two.)

• This host does not have a default gateway configured.

• There are 4 hops between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.

• There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.

• The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.

• The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.

• There are 4 hops between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.

• There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.

• The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.

• The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.

Explain:
The output displays a successful Layer 3 connection between a host computer and a host at 19.168.100.1. It can be determined that 4 hops exist between them and the average transmission time is 1 milliseconds. Layer 3 connectivity does not necessarily mean that an application can run between the hosts.

44. Which two statements describe how to assess traffic flow patterns and network traffic types using a protocol analyzer? (Choose two.)

• Capture traffic on the weekends when most employees are off work.

• Capture traffic during peak utilization times to get a good representation of the different traffic types.

• Only capture traffic in the areas of the network that receive most of the traffic such as the data center.

• Perform the capture on different network segments.

• Only capture WAN traffic because traffic to the web is responsible for the largest amount of traffic on a network.

44. Which two statements describe how to assess traffic flow patterns and network traffic types using a protocol analyzer? (Choose two.)

• Capture traffic on the weekends when most employees are off work.

• Capture traffic during peak utilization times to get a good representation of the different traffic types.

• Only capture traffic in the areas of the network that receive most of the traffic such as the data center.

• Perform the capture on different network segments.

• Only capture WAN traffic because traffic to the web is responsible for the largest amount of traffic on a network.

Explanation: Traffic flow patterns should be gathered during peak utilization times to get a good representation of the different traffic types. The capture should also be performed on different network segments because some traffic will be local to a particular segment.

45. What is the consequence of configuring a router with the ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command?​

• All router interfaces will be automatically activated.

• The IPv6 enabled router interfaces begin sending ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages.

• Each router interface will generate an IPv6 link-local address.​

• It statically creates a global unicast address on this router.​

45. What is the consequence of configuring a router with the ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command?​

• All router interfaces will be automatically activated.

• The IPv6 enabled router interfaces begin sending ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages.

• Each router interface will generate an IPv6 link-local address.​

• It statically creates a global unicast address on this router.​