Chapter 6: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems (copy)

arthr/o

joint

articul/o

joint

burs/o

purse, sac, bursa

carp/o

wrist

chondr/o

cartilage

condyl/o

knuckle of a joint

cost/o

rib

cran/o, crani/o

skull, cranium

fasci/o

fascia

femor/o

thigh, femur

fibr/o

fiber

fibul/o

fibula

ili/o

flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis

ischi/o

hauch, hip joint, ischium

menisc/o

meniscus

muscul/o

muscle

my/o, myos/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

pariet/o

wall

patell/o

patella

ped/o

child

petr/o

stone

phalang/o

phalanges

phys/o

growth

pub/o

pubis

radi/o

radius

sacr/o

sacred/ sacrum

skelet/o

skeleton

spondyl/o

vertebra

stern/o

chest, sternum

synov/o, synovial/o

synovial

tars/o

tarsal bone

ten/o, tendon/o

stretch, tendon

vertebr/o

vertebra

musculoskeletal

bones and muscles work together to support the body and produce body movement

orthopedic

the branch of medicine focusing on diseases of the body and muscles

orthopedist

specialist in the orthopedic branch

arthralgia

condition of joint pain

ataxia

inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity

atrophy

decrease size in development of muscle

bradykinesia

condition of slow motion

decalcification

abnormal reduction of calcium in bone

dyskinesia

condition of abnormal, painful motion

dystrophy

process of painful or difficult development

hypertrophy

excessive muscle growth or development

myalgia

condition of muscle pain

tenodynia

condition of tendon pain

ankyl/o

crooked

carcin/o

cancer

kyph/o

hump

leuk/o

white

lith/o

stone

lord/o

bent forward

por/o

hole

sarc/o

flesh, meat

scoli/o

curved

achondroplasia

without cartilage formation

ankylosis

abnormal adhesion of two bones

arthritis

inflammation and degeneration of a joint

cramps

prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions cause pain wherever they occur

DJD

degenerative joint disease, a disease of joints in which cartilage undergoes degeneration

duchenne muscular dystrophy

disease that causes skeletal muscle degeneration, results in progressive muscle weakness deterioration

epicondylitis

inflammation of the knuckle of the joint

fibromyalgia

produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk

fracture

break in a bone

Colles’ fracture

break in the distal part of the radius, common in children

comminuted fracture

break or breaks resulting in fragmentation of the bone

oblique fracture

break along an oblique angle of the bone shaft

transverse fracture

break along a transverse plane of the bone shaft

greenstick fracture

slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an X-Ray exam

spiral fracture

spiral-shaped break, often caused by twisting stresses along the shaft

compression fracture

crushed break in a vertebra often due to an impact or fall

pathological fracture

fracture cause by another disease process that weakens the bone

gout

sharp pain in the joints of the toes

herniated disk

rupture of an intervertebral disk, which is a joint between two adjacent vertebrae of the spine

kyphosis

upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly, causing an abnormal hump at the upper back

lordosis

exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine with a congenital origin, usually in the thoracic or lumbar regions

marfan’s syndrome

excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates, forming abnormally long limbs and a tall, thin body form

meniscitis

inflammation of a meniscus results in a joint pain

myasthenia gravis

progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation

myeloma

malignant tumor associated with the red bone marrow

myocele

injury to a muscle may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia, causing a protrusion

myositis

common result of muscle injury is local inflammation

osteitis

inflammation of bone

osteitis deformans

Paget disease, results in bone deformations due to a failure of bone deposition

osteogenesis imperfecta

a inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones

osteomalacia

disease resulting in the softening of bone

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the red bone marrow and bone

osteoporosis

condition of holes in bone

osteosarcoma

bone cancer arising from connective tissue

paraplegia

loss of sensation or voluntary movement of the area of body below the hips