elbow, wrist, and hand muscles and movments

muscles that flex/extend the elbow

anterior: biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

posterior: triceps brachii, anconeus

biceps brachii

origin: long head- supraglenoid tubercle, short head- coracoid process

insertion: radial tuberoisty

function: elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, radial-ulnar supination

brachioradialis

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

insertion: styloid process of radius

function: elbow flexion

brachialis

origin: distal anterior humerus

insertion: ulnar tuberosity

function: elbow flexion

tricep brachii

origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head- proximal posterolateral humerus, medial head- distal posteromedial humerus

insertion: olecranon process of ulna

function: elbow extension, shoulder extension

anconeus

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion: olecranon process

function: elbow extension

anterior forearm muscles

superficial: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

intermediate: flexor digitorum superficialis

deep: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

pronator teres

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

insertion: middle lateral radius

function: pronation, assists with elbow flexion

flexor carpi radialis

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion: base of 2nd and third metacarpals

function: wrist flexion, radial deviation

palmaris longus

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion: palmar aponeurosis

function: assists with wrist flexion

flexor carpi ulnaris

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, proximal posterior ulna

insertion: pisiform, base of 5th metacarpal

function: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation

flexor digitorum superficialis

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna, radius

insertion: middle phalanx of the 4 fingers

function: flexes proximal interphalangeal joint, assits with wrist flexion

flexor digitorum profundus

origin: ulna and interosseous membrane

insertion: distal phalanx of the 4 fingers

function: flexion of distal interphalangeal joints, assists in flexion of PIP and MCP joints, assists with wrist flexion

flexor pollicis longus

origin: middle anterior radius, interosseous membrane

insertion: distal phalanx of thumb

function: flexion of thumb IP joint

pronator quadratus

origin: distal anterior ulna

insertion: distal anterior radius

function: pronation

posterior forearm muscles

superficial: brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, anconeus

deep: supinator, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge, lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal (longus), base of 3rd metacarpal (brevis)

function: wrist extension/hyperextension, radial deviation

extensor digitorum

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 4 fingers

function: extends fingers

extensor digiti minimi

origin: lateral epicondyle

insertion: middle and distal phalanges of little finger

function: extension of little finger

flexor carpi ulnaris

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal posterior ulna

insertion: base of 5th metacarpal

function: wrist extension/hyperextension, ulnar deviation

supinator

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal posterolateral ulna

insertion: anterolateral proximal radius

function: supination

extensor indicis

origin: posterior ulna

insertion: extensor expansion of index finger

function: extension of joints of index finger

abductor pollicis longus

origin: posterior radius, ulna

insertion: base of 1st metacarpal

function: abduction and extension of 1st carpometacarpal joint

forms the lateral (radial) border of the anatomical snuffbox

extensor pollicis brevis

origin: posterior radius

insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb

function: extension of 1st MCP joint

forms the lateral (radial) border of the anatomical snuffbox

extensor pollicis longus

origin: posterior ulna

insertion: distal phalanx of thumb

function: extension of thumb IP joint

forms the medial (ulnar) border of the anatomical snuffbox