blood🩸

what type of tissue is blood?

a liquid tissue

label including percentages

what are the 2 main parts of blood?

liquid and cells

what is the liquid part of the blood?

plasma

what is plasma made up of including percentages (10)

90% water

10% salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, fatty acids, cellular wastes, enzymes and proteins

what are the three plasma proteins?

albumin, globulins and fibrinogen

what are blood’s three major functions?

transportation, regulation and protection

how much blood is in an adult human?

4-6 litres

what is fibrinogen/what does it do? (3)

\-a protein involved in blood clotting

\-activated into its active form called fibrin during the clotting process

\-forms strings that trap blood cells and stop bleeding

what is another name for…

a) antibodies

b) erythrocytes

c) white blood cells

d) coagulation

a) immunoglobulins

b) red blood cells

c) leukocytes

d) blood clotting

what are antibodies? (4)

\-type of globulins

\-y shaped proteins

\-made by a special type of white blood cells and released into the blood

\-when attached to an antigen, it destroys the antigen

draw an immunoglobulin including antigen binding sites

what are the three main types of blood cells?

red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

define:

a) erythro

b) cytes

d) leuko

a) red

b) cell

c) white

how are RBCs shaped?

biconcave discs

what part of a red blood cell does oxygen connect to?

a part of hemoglobin called a heme group

where are blood cells produced?

red bone marrow

how does blood act as a regulator?

it absorbs heat from warm areas and releases it in cold areas

what is the life span of a RBC

120 days

what is anemia?

a condition in which someone has insufficient amounts of RBCs or hemoglobin

what is sickle cell anemia?

a form of anemia caused by an abnormal form of hemoglobin

which blood cells have nuclei?

white blood cells

how many… (RBC)

a) red blood cells produced in 1 sec

b) hemoglobin molecules in 1 RBC

c) RBCs in the human body

a) 2 million

b) 250 million

c) 30 trillion

what is the main function of WBCs?

to protect the body from disease causing organisms like viruses and bacteria

what are the 5 types of leukocytes?

neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes

what are the two types of lymphocytes and what does each do?

b-lymphocytes- produce antibodies

t-lymphocytes- kill virus infected cells in our bodies

which two types of leukocytes engulf bacteria through phagocytosis?

neutrophils and monocytes

how do WBCs move on their own?

using ameboid movement

what do eosinophils do? (2)

release a clot digesting enzyme and combat allergy causing substances

what do basophils do? (2)

releases heparin, releases histamine

what do heparin and histamine do?

heparin- anticoagulant

histamine- causes inflammation

what is leukemia?

cancer of the cells that produce white blood cells

what are platelets?

cell fragments involved in blood clotting

how are platelets formed?

bits of cytoplasm are pinched off of large cells

which is the most abundant plasma protein?

albumin

what does albumin do?

prevents water from leaving the blood and entering surrounding cells through osmosis

what happens to worn out RBCs?

removed from the blood by the liver and spleen, then broken down

how many different substances are involved in clotting?

over 30

which plasma enzyme dissolves clots?

plasmin

what prevents clots from forming when they shouldn’t? (2)

\-inner walls of blood vessels are smooth

\-heparin and other anticoagulants in the blood

what is hemophilia?

a disease in which someone is missing one of the clotting factors

what factors reduce the ability to clot? (2)

not enough platelets, not enough vitamin K

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