Respiration: Aerobic & Anaerobic

Vocabulary practice covering the definitions, processes, and products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Respiration

The process by which ENERGY is released from food by ALL living cells.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The ENERGY CURRENCY of a cell; a molecule made from $ADP + P$ during respiration used to pass energy to other processes.

Glucose

The main energy-providing nutrient that contains chemical energy; it is the first product of photosynthesis in plants and comes from digestion in animals.

Aerobic respiration

The release of a relatively large amount of energy in cells by the breakdown of food substances in the presence of $O_2$.

Mitochondria

The structures in cells where most of the reactions in aerobic respiration happen.

Anaerobic respiration

The release of a relatively small amount of energy by the breakdown of food substances in the absence of $O_2$, producing $19$ times less energy than aerobic respiration.

Fermentation

An enzyme-controlled process where yeast respires sugar to produce ethanol and $CO_2$, which is used in bread making and brewing.

Ethanol

An end product of anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast.

Lactic acid

A substance produced during anaerobic respiration in animal cells that builds up in muscles and causes cramp or muscle fatigue.

Oxygen debt

The extra $O_2$ breathed in after exercise has stopped, which is used by the liver to break down lactic acid.

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

A molecule that, along with inorganic phosphate ($P$), is used to make ATP during respiration.

Active transport

One of the specific processes in the body that requires energy released from respiration.