bio 11 human anatomy key terms lecture exam 1

number layers

simple- diffusion and stratified- protection from abrasion

shape

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

simple squamous

kidney golmeroli and orpuscles, alveoli of the lings

simple cuboidal

kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

simple columnar

digestive tract, small and large intestine

stratified squamous

skin, esophagus

stratified cuboidal

large ducts, sweat salivary mammary glands

stratified columnar

rare in the body, male urethra

transitional epithelium

bladder

psuedostratified columnar

trachea, other respiratory bronchioles

passive transport

Process of moving substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy to maintain homeostasis. diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion (protein channel)

active transport

vesicular transport - phagocytosis (eating) pinocytosis (drinking). also receptor mediated protein channels.

microfilaments

smallest, actin basedcytoskeletal elements that provide structural support and are involved in intracellular movement and shape. seen with muscular movement

intermediate filaments

medium, strong tensile strength. fiborous subunits. seen in ligaments/tendons

microtubules

largest, tubulin based subunits. involved in mitosis when mitotic spindles extend from centrioles

epithelial tissue traits

CAPAR - cellularity, attachment, polarity, avascular but innerverated, regeneration

desmosome

sews plasma membranes together using intermediate filaments.

tight junctions

little extracellular space, prevents leakage

gap junctions

allows for sharing of nutrients/electricity between cells through connexions.

basal lamina

restricts what enters and exits the cell, noncellular. allows nutrients to be passed from connective tissue to the epithelial cells using diffusion

function of connective tissue

connect cells, form skeleton, store and carry nutrients, surround blood and nerve vessels, fight infection, heat production, physical protection

cells within connective tissue

fibroblasts, macrophages (pac man), adipocytes (fat) , leukocytes (WBC) , mast cells- histamine and heparin, Mesenchymal (stem cells)

loose connective tissue

areolar- normal tissue, reticular- immune tissue, adipose- fat

dense connective tissue

regular- collagen fibers running same direction. irregular-fibers run different directions. elastic-allows for stretching and return to shape (skin)

fibers

reticular, collagen, elastic

cartilage characteristics

avascular but no nerves, mostly water, resilient, articulation points, where bone forms

types of cartilage

hyaline-joints, ephyseal plates, fetal skeleton, trachea, larynx. made of thin collagen fibers
elastic- ear external auditory canal, epiglottis, nose. made of elastic and colalgen fibers
fibrocartilage- weight bearing areas such as knees, discs, pubic symphysis. made of thick collagen fibers

ephiseal growth zones

zone 1- zone of resting cartilage: hyaline cartilage, furthest from medullary cavity.
zone 2- zone of proliferating cartilage: chondrocytes begins to multiply (mitosis) and stack
zone 3- zone of hypertrophic cartilage: chondrocytes gets big and fat, resorbs matrix
zone 4- zone of calcified cartilage: chondrocytes dies, absorbs matrix,
zone 5- zone of ossification: capillary invasion, osteoprogenitor cells invade, permanant bones established.