Exam 1 Basic Exercise Science

Terms, planes, motions, open/closed kinetic chain, muscle actions, length tension, force velocity, leverage

anterior

to the front

posterior

to the back

medial

toward the midline of the body

lateral 

away from the midline 

superior

above

inferior

below

distal 

farthest away from a certain point on trunk (extremeties) 

proximal

closest to a certain point of the trunk

contralateral

opposite sides

ipsilateral 

same side

frontal plane

side to side motions

sagittal plane

front and back motions

transverse 

rotation around trunk (windshield wipers) 

open kinetic chain

when the distal segment is mobile

closed kinetic chain

when the distal segment is fixed

flexion 

decreasing the angle of a joint 

extension

increasing the angle of a joint 

muscle’s origin

stationary bon

muscle’s insertion

bone that moves

what can be felt during muscle action? 

tension 

concentric

the muscle does work when is shortens (against resistance)

eccentric

the muscle does work when it lengthens (same direction as resistance)

isometric 

the muscle does work but stays the same length (is not stronger or weaker than resistance)

muscular force

during concentric movements the muscular force is greater than the external force

resistance foce

during eccentric movements the resistance force is greater than the muscular force

isometirc force

the resistance force is equal to the muscular force 

length tensions relationship

relationship between length of muscle and the force is can produce

What is the strength of the muscle force when the myosin and actin is super short or long?

it is weak

What is the strength of the muscle force produced when the myosin and actin are at medium length (relaxed)?

it is stronger

What is the force velocity relationship?

power =force x velocity

What happens to speed when the load is very heavy (based on the force velocity relationship)

People will move slower

how do you train power?

decrease the load and produce high amounts of force quickly

How can velocity of a person’s movement help in programming? 

if someone moves very slow they are at the upper limits of their strength and if they are moving quickly the load is easy

What are the three parts of a lever

a fulcrum (axis), rigid body (lever), and two different forces

first class lever (most efficient)

fulcrum is in the middle and there is the load on one side and muscle force on the other

second class lever 

fulcrum is on one end, the load is in the middle, and the muscle force is on the opposite end

third class lever (least efficient)

the fulcrum is on one end, the muscle force is in the middle and the load is on the opposite end