Anatomy & Physiology (LAB 3) - The Axial Skeleton Bones

Frontal bone

bone that forms the forehead

Glabella

smooth area between the eyes

Parietal bones

bones that form the sides and top of the cranium

Temporal bone

make up the inferolateral of the skull

Mastoid process of temporal bone

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Zygomatic process

a projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma

Styloid process of the temporal bone

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull (think shaped like a stylus pen)

External auditory meatus

ear canal

Jugular foramen

allows passage of 3 cranial nerves

Mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

Carotid canal

passageway for internal carotid artery

Occipital bone

back of head

Foramen magnum

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

Occipital condyles

rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

External occipital protuberance

protrusion just superior to foramen magnum

Sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

Sphenoid bone (out of skull)

Sella turcica of sphenoid bone

houses the pituitary gland

Greater wings of sphenoid bone

Lesser wings of sphenoid bone

Foramen rotundum of sphenoid bone

passageway for cranial nerves

Foramen ovale of sphenoid bone

passageway for cranial nerves

Foramen spinosum of sphenoid bone

opening for arteries

Ethmoid bone

deepest skull bone

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Cristi galli of ethmoid bone

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Sutures of the skull

coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous

Coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

Sagittal suture

between the two parietal bones

Lambdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

Squamous (squamosal) suture

between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull

Lacrimal bones

forms medial walls of orbits; lacrimal sacs allow for tears to drain (think tears in spanish: lágrimas)

Palatine bones

L-shaped bones made from two bony plates

Zygomatic bones

form cheekbones & inferolateral margins of orbits

Conchae

fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which increase its surface area

Superior nasal concha

not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone that is above middle nasal concha

Middle nasal concha

the middle thin, spongy, bony plate with curved margins, part of the ethmoid

Inferior nasal concha

not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone that is below middle nasal concha

Nasal bones

form the bridge of the nose

Vomer

plow-shaped bone; form part of nasal septum

Maxilla

upper jaw (when looking at skull from bottom, above palatine bone)

Alveolar margin

superior margin of the mandible; contains sockets in which the teeth lie

Incisive fossa

Mandible

lower jaw

Ramus of mandible

vertical part of mandible

Mandibular angle

posterior point at which ramus meets the body

Mandibular body

horizontal portion; forms the chin

Mental foramen

holes in the mandible

Mandibular condyle

articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Coronoid process of mandible

flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus

Mandibular notch

Mandibular foramen

Mental protuberance

point of chin

Hyoid bone

not a skull bone, but lies in anterior neck inferior to mandible. only bone in body that doesn't articulate directly with another

Spinal Column

vertebral

Typical vertebrae

C3-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5
- Chicken biscuit for breakfast at 7am (7 Cervical)
- Tacos for lunch at 12pm (12 Thoracic)
- Lasagna for dinner at 5pm (5 Lumbar)

Body of vertebrae

solid anterior portion of vertebrae

Vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

Transverse foramen

only found in the cervical vertebrae and allow passage of the vertabral artery, vein, and nerve

Transverse process

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

Spinous process

sharp, slender projection

Articular process

a projection that contacts an adjacent bone

Costal facet (demi facet)

Inferior articular facet

Superior articular facet

Intervertebral foramen

opening located between adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve

Lamina

part of the vertebral arch

Pedicle

a supporting column or stalk (like peddles of bike)

Sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

Sacral canal

Sacral hiatus

inferior opening of the sacral canal

Sacral promontory

where the first sacral vertebrae bulges into pelvic cavity

Median sacral crest

the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae

Sacral foramina

holes in sacrum

Ala of sacrum

wing-like masses of the sacrum

Auricular surface

articulates with sacrum

Sternum

breastbone

Manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

Body of Sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

Xiphoid process of sternum

bottom of sternum

Jugular notch

central indentation in superior border of manubrium

Sternoclavicular joint

articulation between the clavicle and the sternum

Sternocostal joint

between the sternum and ribs

Anterior cranial fossa

the open space toward the front of the skull

Posterior cranial fossa

the open space toward the back of the skull