Quality Control in Digital Radiography

Why is Quality Control (QC) necessary in Digital Radiography (DR)?

QC is needed because performance can degrade over time, and the combination of human and machine can magnify errors.

What are the three general areas that define digital image quality according to the American College of Radiology?

Contrast, resolution, and noise.

What is the role of Quality Control in an imaging operation?

QC is a visible, ongoing effort to collect information about an imaging operation and is part of an overall Quality Assurance (QA) program.

What are some issues that Quality Control can detect?

Malfunctions, unpredictability, inefficient use of radiation, high fluoroscopic outputs, radiation not reaching the receptor, inadequate filtration, and oversized collimation.

What constitutes a diagnostic quality image?

A quality image that makes accurate diagnosis possible, described in terms of contrast, resolution, and noise.

What defines an acceptable image in radiology?

An image containing the information required by a radiologist for correct interpretation.

What basic quality control testing is needed for Computed Radiography (CR)?

Calibration of the generator, collimation, beam alignment, linearity of exposure, and spatial resolution (focal spot).

What are the critical areas for quality assurance in Digital Radiography (DR)?

The computer monitor, image transfer, and image receptor plate.

What is a process map in the context of Digital Radiography?

A flowchart of steps involved in performing a DR exam, including interactions between technologist and patient.

What are the steps involved in reject analysis for quality improvement?

Collection of data, data analysis for recurring causes, reporting to management/staff, and action based on results.

What is the definition of a Quality Assurance Program?

An organized effort to ensure high-quality diagnostic images at the lowest cost and exposure.

What are the main objectives of a Quality Assurance Program?

Maintain image quality, reduce unnecessary radiation, be cost-effective, and provide consistent, prompt, accurate diagnosis.

What are the components included in a Quality Assurance Program?

Quality Control tests, administrative procedures, preventive maintenance, and training.

What are the four steps involved in Quality Control (QC)?

Acceptance testing, establishing baseline performance, detecting/diagnosing changes, and verifying correction of defects.

What does the administrative procedure in a QA program involve?

Regular inspections to prevent breakdowns, including visual inspection for cleanliness and safety, following manufacturer procedures, and inspecting/replacing worn parts.

What is the purpose of preventive maintenance procedures in a QA program?

To maintain and monitor equipment to prevent failure.

What is the role of the Quality Assurance Committee?

To provide oversight, set goals, make policies, and assess effectiveness.

Who are the typical members of a Quality Assurance Committee?

Medical Physicist, Radiologist, Biomedical Engineer, Medical Imaging Technologist (MIT)/Radiographer, and IT Technician.

What responsibilities does a Medical Physicist have in a QA program?

Advise on radiation protection, equipment testing and safety, staff training, and implementing protection programs.

What is the role of a Radiologist in a QA program?

To judge image quality, choose QC technologists, and ensure proper test tools and training.

What are the responsibilities of a Biomedical Engineer in a QA program?

To design devices for health problems and handle maintenance and fault reporting.

What tasks does a Medical Imaging Technologist (MIT)/Radiographer perform in a QA program?

Use correct protocol, perform and record QC tests, report faults, and continue education.

What is the role of an IT Technician in a QA program?

To maintain system database integrity and plan/test deployment.

What are some drawbacks of a Quality Assurance Program?

It can be costly due to planning, training, and equipment purchase, and may face personnel issues like unclear roles and lack of qualifications.

How does Quality Assurance contribute to health and safety in imaging departments?

By ensuring minimal injury/illness, regular maintenance, following safety procedures, and providing training and safety equipment.

What is the conclusion regarding the evolution of Quality Assurance in imaging facilities?

QA promotes effective radiation use for diagnosis, monitors the entire imaging process, and facilities should continuously improve their programs.