AQA GCSE Geography - Urban Issues + Challenges

urban planning

large scale, highly planned development that aims to create new spaces that are sustainable into the future and that don’t exasperate current issues faced by other areas.

squatter settlements

areas of poor quality housing lacking in amenities. often develop spontaneously and illegally.

urban

areas with high population density and high access to services

rural

areas with low population density and little access to services

urbanisation

rural to urban migration - increasing amount of a population living in urban areas

natural increase

birth rate - death rate

migration

when people move from one area to another - rural to urban in LICs

push factors

negative things that make people want to move away from an area

pull factors

positive things that attract people to an area

megacity

city with a population of over 10 million

clean water

springs, wells, purified water, rain

greywater

used but with no toxic chemicals/excrement

blackwater

contaminated water with toxic chemicals and/or excrement

renewable energy

energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed

sustainability

practice of using natural resources responsibly so they can support the current and future generations whilst also having minimal impact on the environment

brownfield sites

land that has been used, abandoned since, and is now awaiting redevelopment

greenfield sites

land in a rural area / on the rural-urban fringe that hasn’t yet been subject to development

dereliction

abandoning of buildings and wasteland, that are now in poor condition due to that disuse and neglect.

demographic characteristics

features of a population

emigration

movement of people OUT of a place

net migration

total number of migrants once emigration and immigration have been considered

diversity

difference - commenting on the variety of cultures and ethnicities in a place

age structure

how the age of a population is distributed

immigration

movement of people IN to a place

multicultural

a multicultural society is one wherein there’s a variety of cultural/ethnic groups

gentrification

the value of an area and its housing increasing as young people move there, putting pressure and expanding its services with their disposable income. this causes poorer locals to 1. sell their houses for good money and move away or 2. forces them out - many paying rent and cannot keep up.