AP hum-geo Unit 1

Geography

study of where and why things are found there on Earth’s surface

Place

Specific location

Region

Area with unique characteristics

Scale

part of Earth compared to whole

Space

Gap between objects

Connection

Relationships between people and objects

Cartography

Science of map making

Global Positioning System(GPS)

Locates exact point on Earth

Geographic Information systems(GIS)

Captures, stores, and displays data

Remote Sensing

Aquiring data from sateilites

Mashup

Combines data of map over map from mapping service

Mercator Projection

Square map, and poles are distorted

Distortion

Part of map that is incorrect in size/proportion

Latitude

Numbers along parallels

Longitude

Numbers along meridians

Time Zones

24 every 15th degree, coordinates with moon

International data line

Line between one day and the next

Map projection

Putting Earth on a flat map

Map Scale

Ratio of map to real size

Toponym

Given name for a place

Site

Physical characteristics(climate, water source)

Situation

Location based on other places

Cultural Landscape

Cultural features(language), economic features(agriculture), physical features(climate)

Formal Region(uniform region)

Area everyone has same one or more characteristics

Functional Region(nodal region)

Area based around a focal point

Vernacular Region(perceptual region)

People believe land is part of their culture

Culture

Beliefs, traits, social forms that form a group of people

Spatial Association

Occurs when distribution of feature related to another in region

Globalization

Whole world makes something

Transnational Corporation

Researches, operates factories, sells products in several countries

Distribution

Placement of feature in space

Density

Frequency something happens in space

Concentration

How far a feature is spread over space

Pattern

Arrangement of objects in space

Assimilation

Group’s cultural features change to match another group

Acculturation

Culture changes when 2 groups meet

Syncretism

Combination of 2 groups in new culture

Diffusion

Feature spreads over time

Hearth

Where something starts

Relocation Diffusion

Idea spreading place to place by people

Expansion Diffusion

Feature spread in addictive way

Hierarchical Diffusion

Spread of idea from people of power

Contagious Diffusion

Rapid spread of trait through population

Stimulus Diffusion

Spread of underlying principle without diffusing

Network

Places connected through communication chain

Distance Decay

More distance= disappearing contact

Time space compression

Reduction in time for something to reach another place

Sustainablitiy

Rations resources for access in future

Concervation

Use of resources sustained to meet human needs

Preservation

Continuation of resources with little human interaction

Climate

Long term weather at location

Cultural Ecology

Study of human environment relationships

Environmental Determinism

Physical environment caused social development

Possibilism

Physical environment is limiting, but people can adjust