Multiple Choice and Spray Thresholds

Which of the following is not a pyrethroid?

a) cypermethrin (e.g. Cythrin 500EC)

b) deltamethrin (e.g. Decis Protech)

c) indoxacarb (e.g. Rumo)

d) lambda-cyhalothrin (e.g. Hallmark)

Indoxacarb (e.g. Rumo)

Which of the following is not an SDHI fungicide?

a) cyflufenamid (as in Cyflamid)

b) isopyrazam (as in Bontima)

c) bixafen (as in Aviator 235 Xpro)

d) fluxapyroxad (as in Perseus)

Cyflufenamid (as in Cyflamid)

What is the spray threshold for pollen beetle in OSR at the bud stage if there are less than 30 plants per m²?

25 pollen beetles per plant

An insecticide approved for pollen beetle control in oilseed rape is:

a) pirimicarb as Aphox

b) fosthiazate as Nemathorin 10G

c) flonicamid as Teppeki

d) indoxacarb e.g. Rumo

Indoxacarb e.g. Rumo

A weevil species with a relatively short rostrum (snout) is:

a) grain weevil

b) rape winter stem weevil

c) pea and bean weevil

d) cabbage seed weevil

Pea and bean weevil

A crop that does NOT host the same species of sclerotinia as oilseed rape is:

a) linseed

b) winter beans

c) peas

d) spring beans

Winter Beans

What is copper deficiency in cereals known as?

Wither tip

What is an appropriate forward speed when applying contact herbicides in sugar beet?

6 kph

Which fungicide group is helpful in limiting mycotoxins in wheat?

Triazoles

A headless and legless grub in oilseed rape pod is likely to be:

a) a seed weevil larva

b) a pod midge larva

c) a pollen beetle larva

d) an aphidus wasp larva

A pod midge larva

A pest causing slug-like cavities in potato tubers in a warm dry soil in July could be:

a) wireworm

b) leather jacket

c) bibionid fly larvae

d) cutworm

Cutworm

Keeping the soil moist during the first few weeks of tuber development can reduce the severity of:

a) common scab

b) powdery scab

c) black scurf

d) skin spot

Common Scab

A species specified in the Weeds Act (1959) as an” injurous weed” is:

a) japanese knotweed

b) broad-leaved dock

c) wild oat

d) charlock

Broad-leaved dock

What is the earliest permitted application timing for propyzamide products in winter oilseed rape?

When the crop has 3 true leaves and it is after 1st October

Who monitors MRLs for the UK Government?

Expert committee on PRiF

Who enforces MRLs?

The Local Authority

Which pest has three generations per year?

Frit fly

Which pest causes dead heart symptoms in cereals?

Yellow Cereal Fly

Which sugar beet herbicide active has contact but no residual activity?

Phenmediphan (Betanal Flow)

Delaying drilling of a second wheat crop is particularly important in the integrated control of?

Take-all

What causes docking disorder in sugar beet?

Free living nematode

A seed borne disease of barley is:

a) powdery mildew

b) leaf stripe

c) barley yellow mosaic virus

d) barley yellow dwarf virus

Leaf stripe

A weed in the same family as oilseed rape is:

a) orache

b) mayweed

c) black bindweed

d) field penny cress

Field penny cress

Which weed has small hairs in a star (stellate) shaped pattern on the first true leaves?

Shepherds purse

A disease with a legal limit in cereal seed certification standards is:

a) ergot

b) fusarium

c) ramularia

d) septoria nodorum

Ergot

A example of a biennial weed is:

a) common wild oat

b) orache

c) creeping thistle

d) ragwort

Ragwort

A good target shoot population in winter wheat at GS 30 would be:

a) 300 per m2

b) 400 per m2

c) 1000 per m2

d) 1500 per m2

1000 per m²

When applying a LERAP category A product at half rate adjacent to water of less than 3m diameter with a 3* nozzle on a boom sprayer, what is the correct buffer zone from the edge of the spray pattern to the top of the ditch?

5m

In oilseed rape there are no AHDB recommended list ratings for:

a) resistance to stem canker

b) resistance to light leaf spot

c) resistance to sclerotinia

d) resistance to lodging

Sclerotinia

Growth stage 59 in cereals is:

a) flag leaf fully emerged

b) mid-booting

c) awns just visible

d) ear fully emerged

Ear fully emerged

A growth regulator containing an active substance that works by generating ethylene is:

a) 3C Chlormequat 720

b) Meteor

c) Terpal

d) Moddus

Terpal (2-chlroeth/phosphonic acid and mepiquat chloride)

An example of a stoloniferous weed is

a) common couch

b) smooth stalked meadow grass

c) yorkshire fog

d) rough stalked meadow grass

Rough stalked meadow grass

Increasing the soil pH can significantly reduce the severity of:

a) rhizomania

b) common scab

c) powdery scab

d) club root

Club root

Which of the following is the most competitive in winter wheat, on an individual plant basis:

a) black grass

b) common poppy

c) wild oat

d) shepherd’s purse

Wild oat

Shepherd’s purse is in the plant family:

a) Compositae

b) Chenopodiacea

c) Brassicaceae

d) Polygonaceae

Brassicaceae

A fungicide that is helpful in controlling sclerotinia in oilseed rape is:

a) chlorothalonil (Bravo 500)

b) fenpropimorph (Corbel)

c) azoxystrobin (Amistar)

d) cyflufenamid (Cyflamid)

Azoxystrobin (Amistar)

A disease that is spread within crop foliage by rain splash of spores is:

a) rhyncosporium of barley

b) bunt of wheat

c) late blight of potatoes

d) powdery mildew of wheat

Rhyncosporium of barley

The pathogen that causes which of the following diseases can survive in the soil for many years?

a) powdery scab of potatoes

b) brown rust of barley

c) early blight of potatoes

d) barley yellow dwarf virus

Powdery scab of potatoes

Transient yellowing of potato foliage can be caused by correct use of:

a) cycloxydim (e.g. Laser)

b) pendimethalin (e.g. Stomp 400 SC)

c) quizalofop-P-tefuryl (e.g. Rango)

d) rimsulfuron (e.g. Titus)

Rimsulfuron (e.g. Titus)

A grub with an orange-brown head and no legs in an oilseed rape pod is likely to be a:

a) seed weevil larva

b) pod midge larva

c) pollen beetle larva

d) aphidus wasp larva

Seed weevil larva

Pod midge larva (white maggot – same as flies)

Pollen beetle larva (black head and three legs)

A disease with a fungal vector is:

a) beet yellows (BYV / BMYV)

b) pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV)

c) barley yellow mosaic virus (BYMV)

d) potato mop top virus (PMTV)

Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) - transmitted by the powdery scab fungus

A dark line encircling the stem beneath the leaf sheath in winter cereals is a symptom of:

a) wireworm

b) wheat bulb fly

c) yellow cereal fly

d) gout fly

Yellow cereal fly

A sprayer operator under medical advice not to work with anticholinesterase products should not use:

a) pirimicarb as Aphox

b) deltamethrin as Decis Forte

c) flonicamid as Teppeki

d) thiacloprid as Biscaya

Pirimicarb as Aphox

A herbicide product with an ACCase mode of action is:

a) pendimethalin (e.g. Stomp Aqua)

b) mecaprop-P (e.g. Duplosan KV)

c) metsulfuron-methyl (e.g. Ally SX)

d) pinoxaden (e.g. Axial Pro)

Pinoxaden (e.g. Axial Pro)

ACCase are fops, dims and dens

An example of a compositaceae family weed is:

a) black nightshade

b) black bindweed

c) groundsel

d) orache

Black bindweed

Which of these agricultural pollutants has the highest biochemical oxygen demand?

a) pig slurry

b) silage effluent

c) cow slurry

d) raw sewage

Silage effluent

A formulation type where the active ingredient is carried on an inert carrier particle is:

a) SC

b) EW

c) SL

d) CS

CS (Capsule Suspension)

Many pyrethoid products (e.g. Decis Forte) are formulated as a:

a) GR

b) EC

c) WP

d) SL

EC (Emulsifiable Concentrate)

Cropping situations that leave bare open soil exposed in July and August would increase the risk to the following cereal crop from:

a) cutworms

b) swift moth

c) opomyza

d) wheat bulb fly

Wheat bulb fly

A pest that has 3 generations each year is:

a) wheat bulb fly

b) pea midge

c) pollen beetle

d) cabbage root fly

Cabbage root fly

A pest that causes dead-heart symptoms is

a) gout fly

b) frit fly

c) orange wheat blossom midge

d) cereal leaf beetle

Frit fly

Field bean seed should be tested for:

a) germination only

b) germination and ascochyta complex only

c) germination, ascochyta complex and stem nematode only

d) germination, ascochyta complex and downy mildew only

Germination, ascochyta complex and stem nematode only

Delaying drilling of winter oilseed rape is an important in the integrated control of:

a) club root

b) sclerotinia

c) rape winter stem weevil

d) cabbage root fly

Cabbage root fly

Damage to pea seeds which is visible at harvest can be caused by:

a) pea and bean weevil

b) pea moth

c) stem nematode

d) pea midge

Pea moth

Damage to sugar beet by free living nematodes is sometimes called:

a) nettle head

b) cabbage head

c) hen and chicks

d) strangles

Hen and chicks

A fungal disease in the same class of fungi as the pathogen which causes late blight of potatoes (Phytophthora infestans) is:

a) downy mildew of peas

b) chocolate spot of beans

c) sclerotinia of spring beans

d) ramularia of barley

Downy mildew of peas

An example of a Polygonaceae (polygonum) family weed is:

a) fat hen

b) mayweed

c) broad leaved dock

d) scarlet pimpernel

Broad leaved dock

A weed with small straight sided, matchstick like, cotyledons is:

a) scentless mayweed

b) shepherd’s purse

c) charlock

d) poppy

Poppy

The optimum green area index (GAI) for winter wheat at the start of flowering (GS 61) is around:

a) 4.0 units

b) 2.5 units

c) 6.0 units

d) 3.5 units

6.0 units

A disease with a legal limit in oilseed rape seed certification standards is:

a) alternaria

b) pythium

c) sclerotinia

d) phoma

Phoma

Destruction of potato haulm can be made more difficult by:

a) early planting

b) excessive rates of nitrogen fertiliser

c) selecting a variety with a determinate growth habit  

d) dry growing conditions late in the season

Excessive rates of nitrogen fertiliser

A example of a biennial weed is:

a) black bent

b) spear thistle

c) creeping thistle

d) common bindweed

Spear thistle

Black bent, creeping thistle and common bindweed are all perennial weeds

A good target ear population in winter wheat at GS 59 would be:

a) 750 per m²

b) 500 per m²

c) 1000 per m²

d) 1500 per m²

750 per m²

Legally recognised certificates of competence for sprayer operators (PA certificates) are awarded by:

a) BASIS

b) CRD

c) City and Guilds

d) DEFRA

City and Guilds

Applying nitrogen fertiliser early in the spring is an established part of the integrated management of:

a) Common eyespot

b) BYDV

c) Take-all

d) Septoria tritici

Take-all

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is a problem in:

a) Bird cherry aphid

b) Orange wheat blossom midge

c) Yellow cereal fly

d) Grain aphid

Grain aphid

A "fishy" smell is characteristic of:

a) Loose smut

b) Ergot

c) Leaf stripe

d) Bunt

Bunt

A rotation which includes vining peas may increase the risk of:

a) Leatherjackets

b) Wheat bulb fly

c) Frit fly

d) Cereal leaf miner

Wheat bulb fly

What are the characteristics of a fly larvae?

• No head (but can see mouthparts)

• No legs

• White/pale in colour

Eg - Frit fly or cabbage root fly

What are the characteristics of a midge larvae?

• No head or distinct mouthparts

• No legs

• White/yellow/orange in colour

Eg - Orange wheat blossom midge

What are the characteristics of a weevil larvae?

• Distinct orange/brown head

• No legs

• White in colour usually curved in a C shape

Eg - Cabbage seed weevil

What are the characteristics of a beetle larvae?

• Distinct head

• 3 pairs of chest legs

Eg - Wireworm

What are the characteristics of a caterpillar larvae?

• Distinct head

• 3 pairs of chest legs

• 2 bare abdominal segments

• 5 or less pairs of prolegs

Eg: Cutworm, silver y moth, pea moth, beet moth

What are the characteristics of a saw fly larvae?

• Distinct head

• 3 pairs of chest legs

• 1 bare abdominal segments

• 6 or more pairs of prolegs

Eg - Turnip saw fly

What is a contact herbicide?

Active is absorbed into the plant through the leaf surface and isn’t uptaken by the roots.

What is a translaminar herbicide?

Active moves through the leaf tissue, from the sprayed side to the other, but do not move to other parts of the plant.

What is a systemic herbicide?

Active moves through the xylem vessels and moves up through the plant

What is a translocated herbicide?

Active moves through the phloem vessels and so can move both up and down the plant.

A weed which germinates mainly in the late autumn and early winter is:

a) Black bindweed

b) Fat-hen

c) Knot-grass

d) Ivy-leaved speedwell

Ivy-leaved speedwell

A pest which remains as a larvae (grub) in the soil for more than one year is:

a) Leatherjacket

b) Wireworm

c) Frit fly

d) Wheat bulb fly

Wireworm

An orange wheat blossom midge larva has:

a) No distinct head and no legs

b) A distinct head and no legs

c) A distinct head and three pairs of thoracic (chest) legs only

d) A distinct head, a chest and thoracic legs

No distinct head and no legs

Which of the following is not a pyrethroid?

a) Flonicamid (as in Teppeki)

b) Taufluvalinate (as in Mavrik)

c) Lambda-cyhalothrin (as in Hallmark Zeon)

d) Deltamethrin (as in Decis Forte)

Flonicamid (as in Teppeki)

Applying nitrogen fertiliser early in the spring is an established part of the integrated management of:

a) Common eyespot

b) BYDV

c) Take-all

d) Septoria tritici

Take-all

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is a problem in:

a) Bird cherry aphid

b) Orange wheat blossom midge

c) Yellow cereal fly

d) Grain aphid

Grain aphid

A “fishy” smell is characteristic of:

a) Loose smut

b) Ergot

c) Leaf stripe

d) Bunt

Bunt

A rotation which includes vining peas may increase the risk of:

a) Leatherjackets

b) Wheat bulb fly

c) Frit fly

d) Cereal leaf miner

Wheat bulb fly (bare ground for an extended period of time - harvested in June/July)

A herbicide active substance formulated as a capsule suspension product is:

a) Propyzamide

b) Carbetamide

c) Clomazone

d) Cycloxydim

Clomazone (Centium 360 CS)

There are no AHDB Recommended List ratings or data for:

a) Sclerotinia

b) Stem canker

c) Light leaf spot

d) Club root

Sclerotinia

A pest larvae found feeding in oilseed rape stems in December with an orangey-brown head is probably:

a) Cabbage stem flea beetle

b) Rape winter stem weevil

c) Cabbage seed weevil

d) Chafer grub

Rape winter stem weevil

A triazole fungicide with significant growth regulatory effect in oilseed rape is:

a) Difenconazole

b) Metconazole

c) Propiconazole

d) Azoxystrobin

Metconazole

A pest that can be effectively controlled by delaying drilling is:

a) Pollen beetle

b) Seed weevil

c) Pod midge

d) Cabbage root fly

Cabbage root fly

Which of the following does not host the same species of sclerotinia as oilseed rape?

a) Peas

b) Winter beans

c) Linseed

d) Spring beans

Winter beans

What is Integral Pro biological seed treatment in OSR used for?

It offers a reduction in stem canker and stimulates the plants natural defences which can provide a useful reduction in crop damage from cabbage stem flea beetle

Which of the following is a neonicotinoid?

a) Esfenvalerate (e.g. Sumi-alpha)

b) Pirimicarb (e.g. Aphox)

c) Spirotetramat (e.g. Movento)

d) Acetamiprid (e.g. Insyst)

Acetamiprid (e.g. Insyst)

An oilseed rape herbicide active substance that does not feature on a Water Protection Advice Sheet is:

a) Metazachlor

b) Clomazone

c) Propyzamide

d) Quinmerac

Clomazone

Contans WG is a biopesticide product for use in all crops which controls:

a) Club root

b) Alternaria

c) Verticillium wilt

d) Sclerotinia

Sclerotinia

An insecticide product targeting pollen beetles which would not be affected by KdR is:

a) Rumo

b) Hallmark Zeon

c) Decis Protech

d) Mavrik

Rumo (indoxocarb)

Which type of resistance does pollen beetle have towards Mavrik (tau-fluvalinate) in OSR?

KdR (Knock-down Resistance)

A large black grub with a distinct head capsule, three pairs of chest legs and prolegs, found eating oilseed rape foliage in a warm autumn is likely to be the larvae of:

a) Cutworm

b) Silver-Y-moth

c) Small white butterfly

d) Turnip sawfly

Turnip sawfly

An oilseed rape disease which is commonly seed borne is:

a) Alternaria

b) Club root

c) Downy mildew

d) Powdery mildew

Alternaria