KAAP 309 Lab Practical 4 Study Guide

Acetabulum

hip socket

Obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

Ilium - Iliac Crest

- thick superior margin of bone

- Provides attachment for muscles of back, thigh, and abdominal wall

- Landmark for intramuscular injections

Ilium - Anterior superior iliac spine

- the blunt anterior end of the iliac crest

- origin for tensor fascia lata and sartorius muscles

Ilium - Anterior inferior iliac spine

- small projection located just below the anterior superior iliac spine

- origin for rectus femoris muscle

Ilium - Posterior superior iliac spine

the sharp posterior end of the iliac crest

Ilium - Posterior inferior iliac spine

process inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine

Ilium - Greater sciatic notch

- deep notch located inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine

- allows the sciatic nerve to enter the thigh

Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

- rough projection that receives the weight of our body when we are sitting

- insertion for sacrotuberous ligament, hamstring, adductor magnus, and quadratus femoris muscles

Ischium - Ischial Spine

located superior to the ischial tuberosity and projects medially into the pelvic cavity

Ischium - Lesser sciatic notch

semicircular depression inferior to the ischial spine

Pubis - Pubic symphysis (anterior)

- slightly movable joint, where left and right pelvis bones connect

- origin of rectus abdominis

Pubis - Pubic tubercle (anterior)

lateral end of the pubic crest; lateral attachment for the inguinal ligament

The ischium is ______________ and the pubis is ____________.

posterior, anterior

Femur - Head

- smooth, rounded proximal end of the femur

- articulates with acetabulum (lateral)

- points medially

Femur - Fovea capitis

a small pit in the head of the femur for the attachment of a short ligament that runs to the acetabulum

Femur - Neck

Just below head of the femur, weakest part of the femur

Femur - Greater Trochanter

- origin for vastus lateralis

- insertion of gluteus medius and minimus

Femur - Lesser Trochanter

- smaller prominence inferior to the head on the medial side of the femur

- Provides attachment for a single muscle - iliopsoas

Femur - Intertrochanteric line (anterior)

a line between the trochanters on the anterior surface of the femur

Femur - Intertrochanteric crest (posterior)

region between the greater and lesser trochanters at junction of neck and shaft of femur

Femur - Linea aspera (posterior)

- origin of vastus lateralis

- gluteal tuberosity is located on its proximal end

- provides attachment for part of gluteus maximus, short head of biceps femoris, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and vastus medialis muscles

Femur - Medial condyle (posterior)

- articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia

- Provides attachment for medial head of gastrocnemius and adductor magnus muscles, and tibial collateral ligament of knee

Femur - Lateral condyle (posterior)

- Provides attachment for lateral head of gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles, and fibular collateral ligament of knee

- inferior to lateral epicondyle

Femur - Medial epicondyle

rough bump distal bottom end

Femur - Lateral epicondyle

superior to lateral condyle

Femur - Adductor tubercle

- superior to medial epicondyle

- insertion for many adductor muscles (groin)

Femur - Intercondylar notch

posterior notch located between the condyles

Femur - Patellar surface

- smooth distal anterior surface between the condyles

- articulates with the patella

- surrounded by cartilage to reduce friction between the bones

Tibia - Medial condyle

slightly concave surface that articulates with the medial condyle of the femur

Tibia - Lateral condyle

- slightly concave surface that articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur

- the inferior region of this condyle articulates with the fibula to form the superior tibiofibular joint

Tibia - Intercondylar eminence (spine)

important for knee ligaments ACL and PCL

Tibia - Soleal line (posterior)

attachment for soleus muscle

Tibia - Medial malleolus

forms the medial bulge of the ankle

Fibula - Head

proximal end, top of the fibula

Fibula - Lateral malleolus

forms the lateral bulge of the ankle and articulates with the talus

Foot - Calcaneus

heel bone

Foot - Calcaneus tuberosity

insertion for gastrocnemius (medial/lateral heads), soleus, and plantaris of calcaneus via tendocalcaneus (Achilles tendon)

Foot - Sustentaculum tali

Foot - Talus

- articulates with tibia and fibula

- sits above the calcaneus

- Forms connecting link (ankle joint) between foot and leg

- Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion occur at ankle joint

- Inversion and eversion occur at joint between talus and calcaneus (subtalar joint)

- Important in maintaining arches of foot

Foot - Navicular

- name means "boat"

- Irregular-shaped tarsal bone

- Concave proximal surface articulates with talus

- Convex distal surface articulates with cuneiform bones

- Prominent tuberosity on medial side = provides attachment for tibialis posterior muscle

Foot - Cuboid

- Cube-shaped tarsal bone between calcaneus and metatarsals IV and V

- Plantar surface has oblique groove for tendon of fibularis longus

Foot - Medial cuneiform (1st)

Foot - Middle/Intermediate cuneiform (2nd)

- Wedge-shaped smallest tarsal bone

- Articulates with lateral cuneiform, medial cuneiform, navicular, and metatarsal II

Foot - Lateral cuneiform (3rd)

- Wedge-shaped tarsal bone

- Articulates with cuboid, intermediate cuneiform, navicular, and metatarsal III

Foot - Metatarsals (1-5)

Foot - Proximal phalanges (1-5)

Foot - Middle phalanges (2-5)

Foot - Distal phalanges (1-5)

Ischiofemoral ligament (posterior)

- resists hyperflexion of hip

- connects ischium to femur

Iliofemoral ligament (anterior)

- resists anterior displacement of the hip and prevents hyperextension

- strongest ligament in the body

Pubofemoral ligament (anterior)

- located anteromedially and inferiorly

- resists excessive extension & abduction

Acetabular labrum

- lip of fibrocartilage that surrounds the outer margin of the acetabulum on the hip bone

- stronger and thicker than glenoid labrum (shoulder)

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

- a ligament in the knee that attaches to the anterior aspect of the tibial plateau.

- restricts anterior movement of the tibia on the femur

- Limits posterior excursion (sliding) of femoral condyles on tibial plateaus when knee flexed

- weaker than PCL

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

- A ligament in the knee that attaches to the posterior aspect of the tibial plateau

- restricts posterior movement of the tibia on the femur

- Thicker and stronger than ACL

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)

- extracapsular ligament; adds strength to joint medially

- Connects medial femoral condyle to medial condyle and proximal shaft of tibia

- Fused with outer margin of medial meniscus

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

- extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

- prevents lateral rotation when the knee is extended

- can see in anterior and posterior views

Medial/Lateral meniscus

- C-shaped fibrocartilaginous pads found between femoral and tibial condyles

- provides shock absorption and stability to the knee joint

Anterior talofibular ligament

Inversion sprain, "Low ankle sprain", most common

calcaneofibular ligament

Deltoid ligament

- Helps prevent excessive eversion of the heel

- attaches to four ankle bones, talus, calcaneus, and navicular

- medial side of tibia

Acetabulofemoral joint

- hip joint, ball & socket joint

- femur = ball

- Acetabulum = socket

- lots of bony stability

- reinforced by strong capsule/ ligamentous structure---> iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligamentum teres

Tibiofemoral joint

- knee joint, complex condylar joint

- the point where the tibia meets with the femur

Tibia is _________ and fibula is ________.

medial, lateral

The "unhappy triad" refers to... in terms of football injuries

- ACL

- MCL

- Medial meniscus

Mnemonic for Bones of the Foot - Tiger Cubs Need MILC

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

Medial

Intermediate

Lateral

Cuboid

Tibial Tuberosity (anterior)

- point where the patellar ligament attaches

- Provides insertion point for quadriceps femoris muscles, via patellar ligament

Medial meniscus is more __________ and _____________.

short, straight

Lateral meniscus is more ___________ and _____________.

long, curved

Rectus femoris muscle

Rectus femoris muscle origin

anterior inferior iliac spine

Rectus femoris muscle insertion

patella and tibial tuberosity

Rectus femoris muscle actions

- flexion of hip

- extension of knee

Rectus femoris muscle innervation

femoral nerve

Sartorius muscle

Sartorius muscle origin

anterior superior iliac spine

Sartorius muscle insertion

proximal medial aspect of tibia

Sartorius muscle actions

- flexion of knee and hip

- abduction of hip

- lateral rotation of hip

Sartorius muscle innervation

femoral nerve

Tensor fasciae latae muscle

Tensor fasciae latae muscle origin

anterior superior iliac spine

Tensor fasciae latae muscle insertion

lateral condyle of tibia via the iliotibial tract

Tensor fasciae latae muscle actions

- knee extension

- lateral rotation of tibia

- abduction of hip

- medial rotation of femur

Tensor fasciae latae muscle innervation

superior gluteal nerve

Adductor longus muscle

Adductor longus muscle origin

body of pubis

Adductor longus muscle insertion

linea aspera of femur

Adductor longus muscle actions

- adduction of hip

- adduction of thigh

Adductor longus muscle innervation

obturator nerve

Vastus intermedius muscle

Vastus intermedius muscle origin

upper 2/3 of anterior femur

Vastus intermedius muscle insertion

patella and tibial tuberosity

Vastus intermedius muscle action

extension of knee

Vastus intermedius muscle innervation

femoral nerve

Vastus lateralis muscle

Vastus lateralis muscle origin

greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

Vastus lateralis muscle insertion

patella and tibial tuberosity

Vastus lateralis muscle action

extension of knee

Vastus lateralis muscle innervation

femoral nerve

Vastus medialis muscle